| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| aliquandō, adv. | at some time or other; finally, at length |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| senātus, -ūs m. | senate |
| sententia, -ae, f. | opinion; purpose |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| servus, -ī, m. | slave, servant |
| līber, lībera, līberum | free |
| cultus, -ūs m. | way of life; civilization, refinement |
| distinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctus | separate, divide; distinguish |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itum | appear, come into view, show oneself |
| quantus, -a, -um | how great or much? |
| perīculum, -ī, n. | danger, peril, risk |
| immineō, -ēre | hang over; threaten, be close at hand |
| sī, conj. | if |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| numerō (adv.) | in number (saepe numerō: very often) |
| nōs | plur. of ego |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | know |
| metuō, -ere, metuī | fear, be afraid of |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.) | pardon, forgive |
| citō (adv.; comp. citius) | quickly, soon; citius: more quickly, without delay |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| dēterior, -ius | worse, poorer |
| praegravō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | weigh down, outweigh, burden |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| turpis, -e | disgraceful |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| supplicium, -ī, n. | punishment, torture |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| medicus, -ī m. | doctor |
| fūnus, -eris n. | funeral |
| remissē (adv.) | gently, mildly, in a relaxed way |
| imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātus | command, order, enjoin |
| bene, adv. | well; successfully |
| pāreō, -ēre, -uī | obey |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| contumāx, -ācis | stubborn, defiant, unyielding, insolent |
| hūmānus, -a, -um | of man, human |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| contrārius, -a, -um | opposite, facing |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| arduus, -a, -um | steep, difficult |
| nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.) | rely on |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| facile, adv. | easily |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| generōsus, -a, -um | of good family, well-born |
| nōbilis, -e | well-known, noble |
| equus, -ī, m. | horse |
| facilis, -e (comp. facilior) | easy |
| frēnum, -ī n. | bridle, rein |
| regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctum | guide, steer, rule |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| clēmentia, -ae, f. | mercy, kindness |
| voluntārius, -a, -um | willing; (m. pl. as noun) volunteers |
| innocentia, -ae f. | blamelessness, integrity |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.) | worthy (of), deserving |
| putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | think |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | save, preserve |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| plūs (adv.) | more |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| via, -ae, f. | road, way |
| prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum | accomplish, make progress |