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Seneca · De Clementia

De Clementia 23

Frequent punishment breeds crime

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Clem. 1.23.1Praetereā vidēbis ea saepe committī, quae saepe vindicantur.Besides, you will see that those things are often committed which are often punished. Clem. 1.23.1Pater tuus plūrēs intrā quīnquennium culleō īnsuit, quam omnibus saeculīs īnsūtōs accēpimus.Your father sewed more men into the sack within five years than we are told were sewn into it in all the ages. Clem. 1.23.1Multō minus audēbant līberī nefās ultimum admittere, quam diū sine lēge crīmen fuit.Children were much less bold to commit the ultimate crime so long as the offence had no law. Clem. 1.23.1Summā enim prūdentiā altissimī virī et rērum nātūrae perītissimī māluērunt velut incrēdibile scelus et ultrā audāciam positum praeterīre quam, dum vindicant, ostendere posse fierī;For with the greatest wisdom the most exalted men, deeply versed in the nature of things, preferred to pass it over as an incredible crime lying beyond the reach of audacity rather than show, by punishing it, that it could be done; Clem. 1.23.1itaque parricīdae cum lēge coepērunt, et illīs facinus poena mōnstrāvit ;and so parricides began with the law, and the penalty showed them the deed; Clem. 1.23.1pessimō vērō locō pietās fuit, postquam saepius culleōs vīdimus quam crucēs.filial piety indeed was in the worst state after we saw sacks more often than crosses.

Clem. 1.23.2In quā cīvitāte rārō hominēs pūniuntur, in eā cōnsēnsus fit innocentiae et indulgētur velut pūblicō bonō.In a state where men are rarely punished, a consensus for innocence arises, and it is cherished as a public good. Clem. 1.23.2Putet sē innocentem esse cīvitās, erit ;Let a state think itself innocent, and it will be; Clem. 1.23.2magis īrāscētur ā commūnī frūgālitāte dēscīscentibus, sī paucōs esse eōs vīderit.it will be angrier with those who depart from the common decency if it sees that they are few. Clem. 1.23.2Perīculōsum est, mihi crēde, ostendere cīvitātī, quantō plūrēs malī sint.It is dangerous, believe me, to show a state how far the wicked outnumber the rest.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (90 words)
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
saepe, adv.often, frequently
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
pater, patris, m.father
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
intrā, prep. with acc.within
quīnquennium, -ī n.period of five years
culleus (cūleus), -ī m.leather sack, in which parricides were sewn and drowned
īnsuō, -ere, -suī, -sūtussew in, sew up; work into (by stitching)
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
omnis, -eall, every
saeculum, -ī n.generation, age; century
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
minus, comp. adv.less
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
nefās n. (indecl.)a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
sine, prep. with abl.without
lēx, lēgis f.law
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
enim, conj.for
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
vir, virī, m.man
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
perītus, -a, -um (+ gen.)skilled, experienced (in)
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
veluteven or just as, as
incrēdibilis, eincredible
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
parricīda, -ae m.murderer of a parent; traitor, assassin
cum, prep, with abl.with
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoint out, show
malus, -a, -umbad
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
crux, crucis f.cross (a wooden frame for execution)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
rārō (adv.)seldom, rarely
homō, hominis, m.man
pūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītuspunish
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
innocentia, -ae f.blamelessness, integrity
indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī (+ dat.)be kind to, favour
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
innocēns, -entisharmless; innocent
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātusbe angry
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
frūgālitās, -ātis f.thrift, frugality, self-restraint
dēscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītumbreak away, revolt, desert (from: ab)
sī, conj.if
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
Seneca, De Clementia. Latin text: J. W. Basore, Seneca: Moral Essays I (Loeb, 1928), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.