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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 94

The fortress is taken

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Iug. 94.1Sed ubi ex praeceptō tempus vīsum, parātīs conpositīsque omnibus ad locum pergit.But when the time seemed right according to the instructions, with everything prepared and arranged, he makes for the place. Iug. 94.1Cēterum illī, quī ēscēnsūrī erant, praedoctī ab duce arma ōrnātumque mūtāverant: capite atque pedibus nūdīs, utī prōspectus nīsusque per saxa facilius foret;Those, moreover, who were to climb up had, as instructed beforehand by their guide, changed their arms and dress: their heads and feet were bare, so that they might see better and climb the rocks more easily; Iug. 94.1super terga gladiī et scūta, vērum ea Numidica ex coriīs, ponderis grātiā simul et offēnsā quō levius streperent.on their backs were their swords and shields, but Numidian shields of hide, both for the sake of weight and so that they might make less noise when they knocked against anything. Iug. 94.2Igitur praegrediēns Ligus saxa et sī quae vetustāte rādīcēs ēminēbant, laqueīs vinciēbat, quibus adlevātī mīlitēs facilius ēscenderent, interdum timidōs īnsolentiā itineris levāre manū;So the Ligurian, going ahead, tied loops of rope round rocks and any old roots that stuck out, so that the soldiers, helped up by these, might climb more easily, and now and then lifted up with his hand those frightened by the strangeness of the route; Iug. 94.2ubi paulō asperior ascēnsus erat, singulōs prae sē inermōs mittere, deinde ipse cum illōrum armīs sequī;where the ascent was a little steeper, he sent them on ahead of him one by one unarmed, and then followed himself with their arms; Iug. 94.2quae dubia nīsuī vidēbantur, potissumus temptāre ac saepius eadem ascendēns dēscendēnsque, Dein statim dīgrediēns cēterīs audāciam addere.places that seemed doubtful for climbing he was the first to test, and by often climbing up and down the same way, and then at once stepping aside, he gave the others courage.

Iug. 94.3Igitur diū multumque fatīgātī tandem in castellum perveniunt, dēsertum ab eā parte, quod omnēs sīcut aliīs diēbus advorsum hostīs aderant.So after long and great exertion they at last reach the fort, deserted on that side, because all, as on other days, were facing the enemy. Iug. 94.3Marius ubi ex nūntiīs quae Ligus ēgerat cognōvit, quamquam tōtō diē intentōs proeliō Numidās habuerat, tum vērō cohortātus mīlitēs et ipse extrā vīneās ēgressus testūdine āctā succēdere et simul hostem tormentīs sagittāriīsque et funditōribus ēminus terrēre.When Marius learned from messengers what the Ligurian had done, although he had kept the Numidians intent on battle the whole day, then indeed, encouraging his soldiers and going out himself beyond the mantlets, he formed a tortoise and advanced, and at the same time terrified the enemy from a distance with artillery, archers and slingers. Iug. 94.4At Numidae, saepe anteā vīneīs Rōmānōrum subvorsīs, item incēnsīs, nōn castellī moenibus sēsē tūtābantur, sed prō mūrō diēs noctīsque agitāre, male dīcere Rōmānīs ac Mariō vēcordiam obiectāre, mīlitibus nostrīs Iugurthae servitium minārī, secundīs rēbus ferōcēs esse.But the Numidians, having often before overturned and also burned the Romans' mantlets, did not protect themselves behind the walls of the fort, but stayed day and night in front of the wall, abusing the Romans and taunting Marius with madness, threatening our soldiers with slavery under Jugurtha, and being bold in their success.

Iug. 94.5Interim omnibus, Rōmānīs hostibusque, proeliō intentīs, magnā utrimque vī prō glōriā atque imperiō hīs illīs prō salūte certantibus, repente ā tergō signa canere;Meanwhile, while everyone, Romans and enemy, was intent on battle, both sides fighting with great force, the one for glory and dominion, the other for survival, suddenly trumpets sounded from the rear; Iug. 94.5ac prīmō mulierēs et puerī, quī vīsum prōcesserant, fugere, deinde utī quisque mūrō proxumus erat, postrēmō cūnctī, armātī inermēsque.and first the women and children, who had come out to watch, fled, then those who were nearest the wall, and finally all, armed and unarmed. Iug. 94.6Quod ubi accidit, eō ācrius Rōmānī īnstāre, fundere ac plērōsque tantummodo sauciāre, Dein super occīsōrum corpora vādere, avidī glōriae certantēs mūrum petere, neque quemquam omnium praedā morārī.When this happened, the Romans pressed on all the more fiercely, routing the enemy and in most cases only wounding them, then advancing over the bodies of the slain, eager for glory and vying to reach the wall, and not one of them was delayed by plunder. Iug. 94.7Sīc forte corrēcta Marī temeritās glōriam ex culpā invēnit.Thus Marius' rashness, corrected by luck, found glory out of a fault.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (197 words)
sed, conj.but
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
praeceptum, -ī n.instruction, order
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
que, enclitic conj.and
omnis, -eall, every
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ēscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsumclimb up, go on board
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
praedoceō, -ēre, -uī, -ctusinstruct beforehand
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
ōrnātus, -ūs m.decoration, adornment
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
caput, capitis, n.head
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
pēs, pedis, m.foot
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prōspectus, -ūs m.view
nīsus, -ūs m.effort, straining
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
tergum, -ī, n.back
gladius, -ī, m.sword
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
scūtum, -ī, n.shield
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
corium, -ī, n.hide, leather
pondus, ponderis, n.weight
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
offēnsa, -ae f.a knock, injury; offence, discomfort
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
leviter, adv.slightly
strepō, -ere, -uīmake a noise, roar, hum
igitur, conj.therefore
praegredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo before, go on ahead
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
vetustās, -ātis f.age, antiquity; the distant past
rādīx, -īcis f.root; (of a hill) foot
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
laqueus, -ī, m.noose
vinciō, vincīre, vinxī, vinctusbind
adlevō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift up, raise
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
facile, adv.easily
interdum (adv.)sometimes
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
īnsolentia, -ae f.arrogance, insolence
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift; lighten, relieve
manus, -ūs, f.hand
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
ascēnsus, -ūs m.way up, climb
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
inermis, -eunarmed
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
deinde, adv.then, next
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cum, prep, with abl.with
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
potissimus, -a, -umchief, most important (superlative of potior)
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
saepe, adv.often, frequently
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
dīgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo away, part, separate
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
multum, -ī, n.much
fatīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustire, wear out
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sīcut (conj.)just as
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
quamquam, conj.however much, although
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
tum, adv.then, at that time
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātusencourage, exhort
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
vīnea, -ae f.shed (a movable shelter for besiegers)
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
testūdō, -inis f.tortoise; 'tortoise' formation of locked shields
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
tormentum, -ī n.artillery, siege engine
sagittārius, -ī m.archer
funditor, -ōris m.slinger
ēminus (adv.)at a distance, from afar
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
at, conj.but
anteā, adv.before
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
subvertō, -ere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, upset
itemlikewise, also
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
nōn, adv.not
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
nox, noctis, f.night
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
male, adv.badly, ill
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
vēcordia, -ae f.madness, frenzy
obiectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow in the way, expose
noster, -tra, -trumour
servitium, -ī n.slavery; (pl.) slaves
minor, -ārī, -ātus sumthreaten (someone: dat.; with something: abl.)
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
interim (adv.)meanwhile
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
glōria, -ae, f.glory
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
repente (adv.)suddenly
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
prīmō, adv.at first
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
puer, puerī, m.boy
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
armātus, -a, -umarmed
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
tantummodo (adv.)only, just
sauciō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswound
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
corpus, corporis, n.body
vādō, -erego
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
sīc, adv.so, thus
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
corrigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusstraighten, set right, reform
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.