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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 93

A Ligurian finds a way up

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Iug. 93.1At Marius multīs diēbus et labōribus cōnsūmptīs ānxius trahere cum animō suō, omitteretne inceptum, quoniam frūstrā erat, an fortūnam opperīrētur, quā saepe prosperē ūsus fuerat.But Marius, having spent many days and much labour, anxiously turned over in his mind whether to abandon the undertaking, since it was in vain, or to wait for fortune, which he had often enjoyed with success. Iug. 93.2Quae quom multōs diēs noctīsque aestuāns agitāret, forte quīdam Ligus, ex cohortibus auxiliāriīs mīles gregārius, castrīs aquātum ēgressus haud procul ab latere castellī, quod āvorsum proeliantibus erat, animum advortit inter saxa rēpentīs cocleās, quārum quom ūnam atque alteram, Dein plūrēs peteret, studiō legundī paulātim prope ad summum montis ēgressus est.While he was turning these things over, restless, for many days and nights, it happened that a certain Ligurian, a common soldier from the auxiliary cohorts, who had gone out of the camp to fetch water not far from the side of the fort which was turned away from the fighting, noticed snails creeping among the rocks; and as he went after one and then another, and then more, in his eagerness to gather them he gradually climbed out almost to the top of the hill.

Iug. 93.3Ubi postquam sōlitūdinem intellēxit, mōre ingenī hūmānī cupīdō difficilia faciundī animum adorta.When he saw that the place was deserted, a desire to accomplish what was difficult, as is the way of human nature, came over his mind. Iug. 93.4Et forte in eō locō grandis īlex coaluerat inter saxa, paulum modo prōna, deinde īnflexa atque aucta in altitūdinem, quō cūncta gignentium nātūra fert.And by chance in that place a great holm-oak had grown up among the rocks, leaning forward only a little, then bending and growing upwards, as the nature of all growing things carries them. Iug. 93.4Quoius rāmīs modo, modo ēminentibus saxīs nīsus Ligus in castellī plānitiem pervēnit, quod cūnctī Numidae intentī proeliantibus aderant.Supporting himself now on its branches, now on the jutting rocks, the Ligurian reached the level top of the fort, because all the Numidians were intently attending to the fighting. Iug. 93.5Explōrātīs omnibus, quae mox ūsuī fore dūcēbat, eādem regreditur, nōn temerē, utī ascenderat, sed temptāns omnia et circumspiciēns.Having examined everything he thought would soon be useful, he returns the same way, not heedlessly, as he had climbed up, but testing and looking around at everything.

Iug. 93.6Itaque Marium properē adit, ācta ēdocet, hortātur, ab eā parte quā ipse ascenderat castellum temptet, pollicētur sēsē itineris perīculīque ducem.So he goes quickly to Marius, tells him what he has done, urges him to attack the fort from the side where he himself had climbed up, and promises to be the guide of the route and of the danger. Iug. 93.7Marius cum Ligure prōmissa eius cognitum ex praesentibus mīsit.Marius sent some of those present with the Ligurian to find out about his promises. Iug. 93.7Quōrum utī quoiusque ingenium erat, ita rem difficilem aut facilem nūntiāvēre;Each of them reported the task as difficult or easy according to his character; Iug. 93.7cōnsulis animus tamen paulum adrēctus.yet the consul's spirits were raised a little. Iug. 93.8Itaque ex cōpiā tubicinum et cornicinum numerō quīnque quam vēlōcissumōs dēlēgit et cum iīs, praesidiō quī forent, quattuor centuriōnēs, omnīsque Ligurī pārēre iubet et eī negōtiō proxumum diem cōnstituit.So from the body of trumpeters and horn-blowers he chose five of the swiftest, and with them four centurions to serve as a guard, ordered them all to obey the Ligurian, and appointed the next day for the task.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (155 words)
at, conj.but
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
ānxius, -a, -umanxious
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
cum, prep, with abl.with
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
inceptum, -ī n.beginning, attempt, undertaking
quoniam, conj.since now, since
frūstrā, adv.in vain
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
an, conj.or (in questions)
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
opperior, -īrī, -pertus sumwait for, await
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
saepe, adv.often, frequently
prosperē (adv.)successfully, favourably
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
nox, noctis, f.night
que, enclitic conj.and
aestuō, -āre, -āvīboil, seethe; burn (with passion or envy)
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
auxiliārius, -a, -umauxiliary (of troops raised from allies, not legionaries)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
gregārius, -a, -umof the herd, common; mīles gregārius: a common soldier
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
aquor, -ārī, -ātus sumfetch water
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
latus, lateris n.side, flank
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
āversus, -a, -umturned away, distant
proelior, -ārī, -ātus sumfight a battle
advertō, -ere, advertī, adversumturn toward (animum advertere: notice)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
rēpō, -ere, rēpsīcreep, crawl
cochlea (coclea), -ae f.snail
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
deinde, adv.then, next
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
mōns, montis, m.mountain
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.)desire, longing, greed
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
grandis, -elarge, big
īlex, -icis f.holm-oak, evergreen oak
coalēscō, -ere, -aluī, -alitumgrow together, unite
paulum, adv.a little, somewhat
modo, adv.only
prōnus, -a, -umleaning forward; inclined, prone (to)
īnflectō, -ere, -flexī, -flexumbend
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
altitūdō, -inis f.height; depth
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
gignō, gignere, genuī, genitusproduce, bring forth
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
rāmus, -ī, m.branch, bough
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
plānitiēs, -ēī f.plain, level ground
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
quod, conj.that, in that, because
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
omnis, -eall, every
mox, adv.soon
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
regredior, -gredī, -gressusgo back, return
nōn, adv.not
temerē, adv.rashly
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
sed, conj.but
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
circumspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectuslook around; look around for, consider
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
properē (adv.)quickly, in haste
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ēdoceō, -ēre, -docuī, -doctuminform thoroughly, explain
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
prōmissum, -ī n.promise
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
arrigō (adrigō), -ere, -rēxī, -rēctusset upright; rouse, excite
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
tubicen, -cinis m.trumpeter
cornicen, -cinis m.horn-blower
numerus, -ī, m.number
quīnquefive
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
vēlōx, vēlōcisswift, fast
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.