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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 87

Raw recruits are hardened

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Iug. 87.1Sed cōnsul explētīs legiōnibus cohortibusque auxiliāriīs in agrum fertilem et praedā onustum proficīscitur, omnia ibi capta mīlitibus dōnat;But the consul, having filled up the legions and the auxiliary cohorts, sets out into a fertile district laden with booty, and gives everything captured there to the soldiers; Iug. 87.1dein castella et oppida nātūrā et virīs parum mūnīta aggreditur, proelia multa, cēterum levia, alia aliīs locīs facere.then he attacks forts and towns poorly defended by nature and by garrisons, and fights many battles, though slight ones, in different places. Iug. 87.2Interim novī mīlitēs sine metū pugnae adesse, vidēre fugientīs capī aut occīdī, fortissumum quemque tūtissumum, armīs lībertātem patriam parentīsque et alia omnia tegī, glōriam atque dīvitiās quaerī.Meanwhile the new soldiers took part in battle without fear, saw that those who fled were captured or killed, that the bravest were the safest, that by arms freedom, country, parents and all else were protected, and glory and riches won. Iug. 87.3Sīc brevī spatiō novī veterēsque coaluēre, et virtūs omnium aequālis facta.So in a short time new and old soldiers grew together, and the courage of all became equal.

Iug. 87.4At rēgēs, ubi dē adventū Marī cognōvērunt, dīvorsī in locōs difficilīs abeunt.But the kings, when they learned of Marius' arrival, go off separately into difficult country. Iug. 87.4Ita Iugurthae placuerat, spērantī mox effūsōs hostīs invādī posse, Rōmānōs sīcutī plērōsque remōtō metū laxius licentiusque futūrōs.So Jugurtha had decided, hoping that the enemy could soon be attacked when scattered, and that the Romans, like most men, would be more slack and undisciplined once fear was removed.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (87 words)
sed, conj.but
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
que, enclitic conj.and
auxiliārius, -a, -umauxiliary (of troops raised from allies, not legionaries)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ager, agri, m.field, land
fertilis, -efertile, fruitful
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
onustus, -a, -umloaded, laden (with: abl.)
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
omnis, -eall, every
ibi, adv.in that place, there
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
dōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumgive; present (someone with something)
deinde, adv.then, next
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
oppidum, -ī, n.town
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
vir, virī, m.man
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
levis, -elight, slight
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
interim (adv.)meanwhile
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
sine, prep. with abl.without
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
fortis, -ebrave
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
glōria, -ae, f.glory
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dīvitiae, -ārum f. pl.riches, wealth
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
sīc, adv.so, thus
brevis, -eshort
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
vetus, veterisold, former
coalēscō, -ere, -aluī, -alitumgrow together, unite
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
at, conj.but
rēx, rēgis, m.king
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
mox, adv.soon
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
sīcutī (adv.)just as, as
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
removeō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove back, remove
laxē (adv.)loosely, widely; freely, without restraint
licenter (adv.)freely, without restraint; licentius: too freely
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.