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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 88

Metellus returns; Marius' strategy

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Iug. 88.1Metellus intereā Rōmam profectus contrā spem suam laetissumīs animīs accipitur, plēbī patribusque, postquam invidia dēcesserat, iūxtā cārus.Metellus meanwhile, having set out for Rome, is received, contrary to his own expectation, with the greatest joy, being dear to the people and the senators alike now that envy had died away. Iug. 88.2Sed Marius inpigrē prūdenterque suōrum et hostium rēs pariter attendere: cognōscere, quid bonī utrīsque aut contrā esset, explōrāre itinera rēgum, cōnsilia et īnsidiās eōrum antevenīre, nihil apud sē remissum neque apud illōs tūtum patī.But Marius attended energetically and prudently to his own affairs and the enemy's alike: he learned what was advantageous or the reverse to each side, spied out the kings' movements, forestalled their plans and ambushes, and allowed nothing slack on his own side or safe on theirs. Iug. 88.3Itaque et Gaetūlōs et Iugurtham ex sociīs nostrīs praedās agentīs saepe aggressus in itinere fūderat ipsumque rēgem haud procul ab oppidō Cirtā armīs exuerat.Therefore he had often attacked the Gaetulians and Jugurtha on the march as they were driving off plunder from our allies, and had routed them, and not far from the town of Cirta had stripped the king himself of his arms.

Iug. 88.4Quae postquam glōriōsa modo neque bellī patrandī cognōvit, statuit urbīs, quae virīs aut locō prō hostibus et advorsum sē opportūnissumae erant, singulās circumvenīre: ita Iugurtham aut praesidiīs nūdātum īrī, sī ea paterētur, aut proeliō certātūrum.When he realised that these exploits were merely glorious and did not bring the war to an end, he decided to surround one by one the cities which, by their garrisons or position, were most useful to the enemy and most dangerous to himself: in this way Jugurtha would either be stripped of his garrisons, if he allowed it, or would fight a battle. Iug. 88.5Nam Bocchus nūntiōs ad eum saepe mīserat: velle populī Rōmānī amīcitiam;For Bocchus had often sent messengers to him: that he wanted the friendship of the Roman people; Iug. 88.5nē quid ab sē hostīle timēret.that Marius should fear nothing hostile from him. Iug. 88.6Id simulāveritne, quō inprōvīsus gravior accideret, an mōbilitāte ingenī pācem atque bellum mūtāre solitus, parum explōrātum est.Whether he pretended this, so as to strike a heavier blow when unexpected, or whether through fickleness of character he was in the habit of alternating between peace and war, has not been well established.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (108 words)
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
spēs, speī, f.hope
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
pater, patris, m.father
que, enclitic conj.and
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.)nearby; next to
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
sed, conj.but
impigrē (adv.)energetically, briskly
prūdenter (adv.)wisely, sensibly, with foresight
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
attendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusturn one's mind to, pay attention, notice
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
rēx, rēgis, m.king
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
anteveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumget ahead of, anticipate; surpass, outdo
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
noster, -tra, -trumour
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
saepe, adv.often, frequently
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
oppidum, -ī, n.town
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtusput or take off
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
glōriōsus, -a, -umglorious; boastful
modo, adv.only
bellum, -ī, n.war
patrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring about, accomplish, complete
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
urbs, urbis, f.city
vir, virī, m.man
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
nūdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, leave bare
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
sī, conj.if
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
nam, conj.for
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
volō, velle, voluīwish
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
hostīlis, -eof the enemy, hostile
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
imprōvīsus, -a, -umunexpected (dē imprōvīsō: unexpectedly)
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
an, conj.or (in questions)
mōbilitās, -ātis f.changeability, fickleness
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
pāx, pācis f.peace
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.