| igitur, conj. | therefore |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| dolor, -ōris, m. | pain, grief; anger |
| impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītus | hinder, prevent, impede |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| quia (conj.) | because |
| stultitia, -ae f. | folly, foolishness |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| aliēnus, -a, -um | belonging to another, out of place |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| perīculum, -ī, n. | danger, peril, risk |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take care of; (+ gerundive) have something done |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | ask, request, demand |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| societās, -ātis f. | alliance, partnership |
| amīcitia, -ae f. | friendship, alliance |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus | join together, join |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| potior, -ius (comp. adj.) | better, preferable, more powerful |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| quamquam, conj. | however much, although |
| ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -um | help; (pl.) resources, wealth, power |
| cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sum | trust, be confident |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | owe; with infin., ought |
| incertus, -a, -um | uncertain, unreliable |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | change |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptus | take under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment |
| facile, adv. | easily |
| cēterum (adv.) | but, however; for the rest |
| aegrē, adv. | ill, with difficulty |
| dēsinō, -sinere, -siī, -situs | stop, cease (+ inf.) |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| potestās, -ātis f. | power, authority |
| initium, -ī, n. | beginning |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptum | begin |
| quīvīs, quaevīs, quodvīs | any you like, any whatever |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| ignāvus, -a, -um | lazy, cowardly |
| licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers. | is lawful or permitted |
| dēpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | put down, deposit; lay aside, give up; ē memoriā dēpōnere, to forget |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| victor, -ōris m. | conqueror, victor |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| proinde (adv.) | therefore, accordingly; so then |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| regnum, -ī, n. | royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm |
| cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tus | consult |
| nēve or neu, conj. | and that not, and not, nor |
| flōrēns, -entis | flourishing, prosperous |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| perditus, -a, -um | abandoned, desperate |
| misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtus | mix, mingle |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| placidē (adv.) | quietly, calmly |
| verbum, -ī, n. | word |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus | desire, long for, wish |
| sed, conj. | but |
| fortūna, -ae, f. | fortune |
| misereor, -ērī, miseritus sum | pity, have mercy on (+ gen.) |
| sī, conj. | if |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| rūrsus, adv. | again |
| imperātor, -ōris, m. | commander, general |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| postulātum, -ī n. | demand, request |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | prove, show; approve |
| partim (adv.) | partly (partim … partim: some … others) |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| abnuō, -ere, -nuī | refuse, decline, reject |
| modus, -ī, m. | way, manner |
| saepe, adv. | often, frequently |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum | send back; give up, remit |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum | go forward, advance |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| voluntās, -tātis, f. | wish, will |
| intāctus, -a, -um | untouched, unharmed |
| trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctus | draw, drag |