| imperātor, -ōris, m. | commander, general |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| societās, -ātis f. | alliance, partnership |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| temerē, adv. | rashly |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| saepe, adv. | often, frequently |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum | conquer, defeat |
| cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētus | become accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fight |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| cēterum (adv.) | but, however; for the rest |
| haud, adv. | not at all, by no means, not |
| procul, adv. | at or from a distance, far |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| opperior, -īrī, -pertus sum | wait for, await |
| bene, adv. | well; successfully |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| reor, rērī, ratus sum | think, suppose, reckon |
| Maurus, -a, -um | Moorish, North African |
| quoniam, conj. | since now, since |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| novus, -a, -um | new; novissimus, last |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessum | come near, approach; be added |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| commodum, -ī n. | advantage, interest |
| pugna, -ae, f. | fighting, battle, combat |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| litterae, -ārum f. pl. | letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| prōvincia, -ae f. | province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| nam, conj. | for |
| cōnsul, -ulis m. | consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates) |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| suprā, adv. and prep. with acc. | above, before |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| honestus, -a, -um | respected, honourable |
| percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsus | strike down; dismay, crush |
| lacrima, -ae, f. | tear |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| moderor, -ārī, -ātus sum | control, manage, check |
| lingua, -ae f. | tongue; language |
| vir, virī, m. | man |
| ēgregius, -a, -um | outstanding, excellent |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| ars, artis, f. | art |
| nimis (adv.) | too much, too |
| molliter (adv.) | softly, gently; in comfort, luxuriously |
| aegritūdō, -inis f. | distress, grief, vexation |
| patior, patī, passus, bear | suffer, allow |
| superbia, -ae f. | pride, arrogance |
| vertō, vertere, vertī, versus | turn |
| ingenium, -ī n. | natural ability, talent, cleverness; character |
| contumēlia, -ae f. | insult, outrage |
| accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsus | kindle, light |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| pariō, -ere, peperī, partus | bring forth; win, gain |
| victōria, -ae, f. | victory |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptus | snatch out or away, rescue |
| nōs | plur. of ego |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| honor, -ōris, m. | honor |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| iniūria, -ae, f. | injury, wrong, hurt, harm |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| excruciō, -cruciāre, -cruciāvī, cruciātus | torture |
| tam, adv. | so |
| anxiē (adv.) | anxiously, with distress |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| sī, conj. | if |
| adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptus | take to oneself, take away |
| trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report |