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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 75

Metellus crosses the desert to Thala

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Iug. 75.1Eā fugā Iugurtha impēnsius modo rēbus suīs diffīdēns cum perfugīs et parte equitātūs in sōlitūdinēs, Dein Thalam pervēnit, in oppidum magnum atque opulentum, ubi plērīque thēsaurī fīliōrumque eius multus pueritiae cultus erat.After this flight Jugurtha, now losing confidence in his fortunes even more deeply, came with the deserters and part of his cavalry into the wilderness, and then to Thala, a large and wealthy town, where most of his treasure was and the lavish establishment for his sons' upbringing. Iug. 75.2Quae postquam Metellō comperta sunt, quamquam inter Thalam flūmenque proxumum in spatiō mīlium quīnquāgintā loca ārida atque vāsta esse cognōverat, tamen spē patrandī bellī, sī eius oppidī potītus foret, omnīs asperitātēs supervādere ac nātūram etiam vincere aggreditur.When Metellus learned of this, although he knew that between Thala and the nearest river, over a space of fifty miles, the country was dry and desolate, yet in the hope of finishing the war if he could take that town, he set about surmounting all its hardships and even conquering nature. Iug. 75.3Igitur omnia iūmenta sarcinīs levārī iubet nisi frūmentō diērum decem, cēterum ūtris modo et alia aquae idōnea portārī.So he ordered all the pack animals to be relieved of their loads except grain for ten days, and that only skins and other vessels suited for water should be carried.

Iug. 75.4Praetereā conquīrit ex agrīs quam plūrumum potest domitī pecoris eōque inpōnit vāsa quoiusque modī, sed plēraque lignea collēcta ex tuguriīs Numidārum;Besides this he gathered from the fields as many domesticated beasts as he could and loaded on them vessels of every kind, though mostly wooden ones collected from the huts of the Numidians; Iug. 75.4ad hoc fīnitumīs imperat, quī sē post rēgis fugam Metellō dederant, quam plūrumum quisque aquae portāret;in addition he ordered the neighbouring peoples, who had surrendered to Metellus after the king's flight, each to bring as much water as he could; Iug. 75.5diem locumque, ubi praestō fuerint, praedīcit;he told them in advance the day and place where they were to be at hand; Iug. 75.5ipse ex flūmine, quam proxumam oppidō aquam esse suprā dīximus, iūmenta onerat: eō modō īnstrūctus ad Thalam proficīscitur.he himself loaded the animals from the river which, as I said above, was the nearest water to the town: thus equipped he set out for Thala. Iug. 75.7Deinde ubi ad id locī ventum, quō Numidīs praecēperat, et castra posita mūnītaque sunt, tanta repente caelō missa vīs aquae dīcitur, ut ea modo exercituī satis superque foret.Then, when they had come to the place he had appointed to the Numidians, and the camp had been pitched and fortified, so great a fall of rain is said to have come suddenly from the sky that this alone was more than enough for the army.

Iug. 75.8Praetereā commeātus spē amplior, quia Numidae, sīcutī plērīque in novā dēditiōne, officia intenderant.Besides, supplies were more plentiful than hoped, because the Numidians, like most people who have newly surrendered, had exerted themselves in their duties. Iug. 75.9Cēterum mīlitēs religiōne pluviā magis ūsī, eaque rēs multum animīs eōrum addidit, nam ratī sēsē dīs inmortālibus cūrae esse.But the soldiers, out of religious feeling, preferred to use the rain water, and this added much to their spirits, for they believed that they were in the care of the immortal gods. Iug. 75.9Deinde posterō diē contrā opīniōnem Iugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt.Then on the following day, contrary to Jugurtha's expectation, they arrived at Thala. Iug. 75.9Oppidānī, quī sē locōrum asperitāte mūnītōs crēdiderant, magnā atque īnsolitā rē perculsī, nihilō segnius bellum parāre;The townspeople, who had believed themselves protected by the harshness of the terrain, though stunned by this great and unusual event, prepared for war none the less vigorously; Iug. 75.9idem nostrī facere.our men did the same.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×7

Latin vocabulary for this passage (154 words)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
fuga, -ae, f.flight
impēnsē (adv.)greatly, earnestly; comp. impēnsius, all the more
modo, adv.only
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sumdistrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.)
cum, prep, with abl.with
perfuga, -ae m.deserter
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
deinde, adv.then, next
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
oppidum, -ī, n.town
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
opulentus, -a, -umrich, wealthy, powerful
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
thēsaurus, -ī m.treasure; storehouse
fīlius, -ī, m.son
que, enclitic conj.and
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
pueritia, -ae, f.boyhood
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertumfind out, learn
quamquam, conj.however much, although
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
flūmen, -minis, n.river
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
quīnquāgintā, indecl. adj.fifty
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
āridus, -a, -umdry; as a noun (āridum, -ī n.): dry land
vāstus, -a, -umwaste, huge, enormous, vast
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
spēs, speī, f.hope
patrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring about, accomplish, complete
bellum, -ī, n.war
sī, conj.if
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
omnis, -eall, every
asperitās, -ātis f.roughness, unevenness; harshness
supervādō, -erepass over, cross, surmount
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
igitur, conj.therefore
iūmentum, -ī n.pack animal, beast of burden
sarcina, -ae f.pack; (pl.) soldiers' kit
levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift; lighten, relieve
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
nisi, conj.if not, unless
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
decem, indecl. adj.ten
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
uter, utris m.wine-skin
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
aqua, -ae, f.water
idōneus, -a, -umsuitable, fit; favorable
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcarry
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
conquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītumsearch out, hunt down
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ager, agri, m.field, land
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
domō, -āre, -uī, -itustame, subdue, master
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
vās, vāsis, n., plur. vāsa, -ōrumvessel
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
sed, conj.but
ligneus, -a, -umof wood, wooden
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
tugurium, -ī n.hut, cottage; (of an animal) kennel
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
fīnitimī, -ōrum m. pl.neighbors
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
rēx, rēgis, m.king
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
praedīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictussay beforehand, foretell, predict
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
onerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusload, burden
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
repente (adv.)suddenly
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
quia (conj.)because
sīcut (conj.)just as
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
dēditiō, -ōnis f.surrender
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
pluvia, -ae f.rain
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
multum, -ī, n.much
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
nam, conj.for
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
oppidānus, -ī m.townsman (pl. the people of the town)
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
īnsolitus, -a, -umunaccustomed; unusual, strange
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
nihilum, -ī n.nothing; nihilō sētius: none the less
segniter (adv.)sluggishly, lazily, half-heartedly
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
noster, -tra, -trumour
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.