| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send away, lose |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | put to death, slay, kill |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| formīdō, -inis f. | fear, dread; something to be dreaded |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| profugiō, -ere, -fūgī | flee, escape |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| administer, -trī m. | assistant, helper |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| novus, -a, -um | new; novissimus, last |
| fidēs, -eī f. | faith, trust; pledge |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| perfidia, -ae f. | treachery, bad faith |
| vetus, veteris | old, former |
| experior, -īrī, expertus sum | try, test, experience |
| perīculōsus, -a, -um | dangerous |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| varius, -a, -um | various |
| incertus, -a, -um | uncertain, unreliable |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | drive about; discuss, debate |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron. | any one, anything |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.) | please (placuit eī: he decided) |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| praefectus, -ī m. | commander, officer |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | change |
| modo, adv. | only |
| adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus) | against, opposite |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| interdum (adv.) | sometimes |
| sōlitūdō, -inis f. | loneliness; a wilderness, desert |
| pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctum | go on, press on |
| saepe, adv. | often, frequently |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| paulō, adv. | by a little, a little, somewhat |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | doubt, hesitate |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| an, conj. | or (in questions) |
| populāris, -e | of the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician) |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | believe |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| quōcumque (adv.) | to whatever place; in whatever direction |
| intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out; stretch, draw, aim |
| adversus, -a, -um | facing; unfavourable, unsuccessful |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| sed, conj. | but |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| mora, -ae, f. | delay |
| repente (adv.) | suddenly |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out before, show, explain |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| parātus, -a, -um | prepared, equipped, ready |
| īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus | build in or into; draw up; equip, furnish, |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptum | begin |
| pugna, -ae, f. | fighting, battle, combat |
| adsum, adesse, adfuī | be present, be at hand |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| aliquam diū (adv.) | for some time |
| certō, adv. | with certainty, for certain, certainly |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| congressus, -ūs m. | meeting; encounter, clash |
| pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus | drive, drive away, beat, rout |
| fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | put to flight, rout |
| signum, -ī, n. | sign, signal |
| aliquantus, -a, -um | some, a fair amount (aliquantum itineris: some way) |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| potior, -īrī, -ītus | become master of, get possession of |
| nam, conj. | for |
| ferme (adv.) | about, nearly, almost |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| pēs, pedis, m. | foot |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| tūtus, -a, -um | safe |