| sed, conj. | but |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| nihil, n., indecl. | nothing |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| īnfectus, -a, -um | not done, undone, unaccomplished |
| crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | believe |
| quippe (adv.) | of course, indeed, for |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| tēlum, -ī, n. | missile, spear, weapon |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| dēnique, adv. | lastly, finally |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| imperitō, -āre, -āvī | rule over, command (+ dat.) |
| industria, -ae f. | diligence, hard work |
| vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum | conquer, defeat |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| līberī, -ōrum, m. plur. | children |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| pecūnia, -ae, f. | money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times) |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| noctū, adv. | at or by night |
| profugiō, -ere, -fūgī | flee, escape |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| posteā, adv. | after this, afterwards |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| ūllus, -a, -um | any |
| amplius (adv.) | more, further |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| moror, -ārī, -ātus | delay, linger, stay |
| simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | pretend |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| negōtium, -ī, n. | business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty |
| grātia, -ae, f. | favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite |
| properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | hasten |
| cēterum (adv.) | but, however; for the rest |
| prōditiō, -ōnis f. | treachery, betrayal |
| timeō, -ēre, -uī | fear |
| vītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | avoid, escape |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| celeritās, -tātis, f. | swiftness, quickness, speed |
| putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | think |
| nam, conj. | for |
| tālis, -e | such |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| ōtium, -ī n. | leisure, rest; peace, quiet |
| opportūnitās, -ātis f. | advantage, favourable feature |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| at, conj. | but |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| oppidānus, -ī m. | townsman (pl. the people of the town) |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| intentus, -a, -um | attentive, alert, watchful |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| opus, operis, n. | work, task |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| vallum, -ī n. | rampart, palisade |
| fossa, -ae, f. | ditch, trench |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| moenia, -ium, n. plur. | walls |
| circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum | surround |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| maximē, adv. | very greatly, exceedingly, especially |
| idōneus, -a, -um | suitable, fit; favorable |
| vīnea, -ae f. | shed (a movable shelter for besiegers) |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| agger, aggeris m. | mound, siege ramp |
| iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactus | throw, cast, hurl |
| super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.) | over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning |
| impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | place or lay upon, impose; embark |
| turris, -is f. | tower; siege tower |
| administer, -trī m. | assistant, helper |
| tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sum | protect, guard |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| festīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | hurry, make haste |
| parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | make ready, prepare |
| prōrsus (adv.) | in short, in a word; altogether |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| multō, adv. | by much or far, much, far |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| labor, -ōris, m. | labor, toil |
| fatīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | tire, wear out |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| quadrāgintā (indecl.) | forty |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| modo, adv. | only |
| potior, -īrī, -ītus | become master of, get possession of |
| praeda, -ae, f. | booty, spoil, plunder |
| perfuga, -ae m. | deserter |
| corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptus | spoil, ruin, destroy; bribe |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| mūrus, -ī, m. | wall |
| ariēs, -etis, m. | ram |
| feriō, -īre | strike, hit |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| adflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxi, -flīctus | dash to, shatter |
| aurum, -ī, n. | gold |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| argentum, -ī, n. | silver |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| rēgius, -a, -um | royal, kingly |
| comportō, -portāre, -portāvī, -portātus | carry or bring together, collect |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| vīnum, -ī, n. | wine |
| epulae, -ārum f. pl. | feast, banquet |
| onerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | load, burden |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| ignis, -is, m. | fire |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| poena, -ae, f. | penalty, punishment |
| metuō, -ere, metuī | fear, be afraid of |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| pendō, pendere, pependī, pēnsus | weigh out, pay |