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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 7

Jugurtha wins fame at Numantia

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Iug. 7.1Hīs difficultātibus circumventus ubi videt neque per vim neque īnsidiīs opprimī posse hominem tam acceptum populāribus, quod erat Iugurtha manū promptus et adpetēns glōriae mīlitāris, statuit eum obiectāre perīculīs et eō modō fortūnam temptāre.Beset by these difficulties, when he saw that a man so popular with his people could be crushed neither by force nor by ambush, since Jugurtha was ready with his hand and eager for military glory, he decided to expose him to dangers and so to put fortune to the test. Iug. 7.2Igitur bellō Numantīnō Micipsa, quom populō Rōmānō equitum atque peditum auxilia mitteret, spērāns vel ostentandō virtūtem vel hostium saevitiā facile eum occāsūrum, praefēcit Numidīs, quōs in Hispāniam mittēbat.Therefore in the Numantine War, when Micipsa was sending auxiliaries of cavalry and infantry to the Roman people, hoping that he would easily perish either through displaying his valour or through the savagery of the enemy, he put him in command of the Numidians whom he was sending to Spain. Iug. 7.3Sed ea rēs longē aliter, ac ratus erat, ēvēnit.But the affair turned out far otherwise than he had expected.

Iug. 7.3Nam Iugurtha, ut erat inpigrō atque ācrī ingeniō, ubi nātūram P. Scīpiōnis, quī tum Rōmānīs imperātor erat, et mōrem hostium cognōvit, multō labōre multāque cūrā, praetereā modestissumē pārendō et saepe obviam eundō perīculīs in tantam clāritūdinem brevī pervēnerat, ut nostrīs vehementer cārus, Numantīnīs maxumō terrōrī esset.For Jugurtha, being of an energetic and keen intellect, as soon as he came to know the character of Publius Scipio, who was then the Roman commander, and the ways of the enemy, had by great toil and great care, and besides by obeying most modestly and often going to meet dangers, soon attained such renown that he was greatly loved by our men and a source of the greatest terror to the Numantines. Iug. 7.5Ac sānē, quod difficillumum in prīmīs est, et proeliō strēnuōs erat et bonus cōnsiliō, quōrum alterum ex prōvidentiā timōrem, alterum ex audāciā temeritātem adferre plērumque solet.And indeed, what is especially difficult, he was both vigorous in battle and good in counsel, of which the one usually brings timidity through foresight, the other rashness through boldness. Iug. 7.6Igitur imperātor omnīs ferē rēs asperās per Iugurtham agere, in amīcīs habēre, magis magisque eum in diēs amplectī, quippe quoius neque cōnsilium neque inceptum ūllum frūstrā erat.Accordingly the commander conducted almost every difficult enterprise through Jugurtha, counted him among his friends, and embraced him more and more each day, since none of his counsels or undertakings was ever in vain.

Iug. 7.7Hūc adcēdēbat mūnificentia animī et ingenī sollertia, quīs rēbus sibi multōs ex Rōmānīs familiārī amīcitiā coniūnxerat.To this were added a generous spirit and a shrewd intellect, qualities by which he had bound many of the Romans to himself in close friendship.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (125 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
difficultas, -tātis, f.difficulty
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
homō, hominis, m.man
tam, adv.so
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
manus, -ūs, f.hand
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
appetō, -petere, -petīvī, -petītusdraw near
glōria, -ae, f.glory
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
obiectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow in the way, expose
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
igitur, conj.therefore
bellum, -ī, n.war
Numantīnus, -a, -umof Numantia, the Spanish town destroyed by Scipio in 133 BC
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
velor; vel … vel: either … or
ostentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshow, display; show off
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
saevitia, -ae f.fierceness, cruelty
facile, adv.easily
occidō, -ere, occidī, occāsumfall; (of the sun) set (sōl occidēns: the west)
praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumput in charge of
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
sed, conj.but
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
longē, adv.far
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
nam, conj.for
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
impiger (inp-), -gra, -grumenergetic, active
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
tum, adv.then, at that time
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
que, enclitic conj.and
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
modestē, adv.with restraint, in good order, calmly
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
saepe, adv.often, frequently
obviam, adv.in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
clāritūdō, -inis f.fame, distinction, renown
brevis, -eshort
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
noster, -tra, -trumour
vehementer, adv.violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
strēnuus, -a, -umactive, vigorous, energetic
bonus, -a, -umgood
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
prōvidentia, -ae f.foresight
timor, -ōris, m.fear
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
omnis, -eall, every
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
amplector, -plectī, -plexus sumembrace, hug; welcome, adopt
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
inceptum, -ī n.beginning, attempt, undertaking
ūllus, -a, -umany
frūstrā, adv.in vain
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
mūnificentia, -ae f.generosity, open-handedness
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sollertia, -ae f.ingenuity, resourcefulness
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.