| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| prīmum, adv. | first, in the first place |
| adolēscō, -ere, adolēvī, adultus | grow up |
| polleō, -ēre | be strong, be powerful |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| decōrus, -a, -um | handsome, fine, splendid |
| faciēs, -ēī f. | face; appearance |
| sed, conj. | but |
| multō, adv. | by much or far, much, far |
| maximē, adv. | very greatly, exceedingly, especially |
| ingenium, -ī n. | natural ability, talent, cleverness; character |
| validus, -a, -um | strong |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| luxus, -ūs m. | extravagance, luxury |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| inertia, -ae f. | inactivity, idleness, sloth |
| corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptus | spoil, ruin, destroy; bribe |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| mōs, mōris, m. | way, manner, habit, custom |
| gēns, gentis, f. | race, nation |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| equitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | ride on horseback |
| iaculor, -ārī, -ātus sum | throw, hurl |
| cursus, -ūs, m. | running, speed; course, route, voyage; race |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| aequālis, -e | equal; of the same age |
| certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | contend, compete, vie |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| glōria, -ae, f. | glory |
| anteeō, -īre, -iī | go before, go ahead; surpass |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| cārus, -a, -um | dear, precious |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| vēnor, -ārī, -ātus sum | hunt |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| leō, -ōnis, m. | lion |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| fera, -ae, f. | wild animal, beast |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| feriō, -īre | strike, hit |
| plūrimum (adv.) | most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful) |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| minimum, adv. | very little, slightly |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| loquor, loquī, locūtus | speak |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| tametsī (conj.) | although |
| initium, -ī, n. | beginning |
| laetus, -a, -um | glad, joyful |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| regnum, -ī, n. | royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| adulēscēns, -entis, m. | youth, young man |
| exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | drive out; finish, spend (a season) |
| aetās, -tātis, f. | age |
| parvus, -a, -um | little, small |
| līberī, -ōrum, m. plur. | children |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētum | grow, rise (in power) |
| intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | perceive, understand |
| vehementer, adv. | violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| negōtium, -ī, n. | business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty |
| permoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum | move deeply, influence |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtus | roll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere) |
| terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | frighten, terrify |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| mortālis, -e | mortal |
| avidus, -a, -um | eager, greedy (for: gen.) |
| imperium, -ī, n. | command; sway, rule |
| praeceps, -cipitis | headlong |
| expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētus | fill up, complete; make good |
| cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.) | desire, longing, greed |
| praetereā, adv. | besides this, besides, moreover |
| opportūnitās, -ātis f. | advantage, favourable feature |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| mediocris, -e | moderate, ordinary |
| vir, virī, m. | man |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| praeda, -ae, f. | booty, spoil, plunder |
| trānsversus, -a, -um | running across, crosswise |
| studium, -ī, n. | eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit |
| accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsus | kindle, light |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| sī, conj. | if |
| tālis, -e | such |
| dolus, -ī, m. | trick, craft |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. | any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something |
| sēditiō, -ōnis f. | riot, mutiny, discord |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| orior, -īrī, -tus | arise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn |
| ānxius, -a, -um | anxious |