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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 62

Jugurtha surrenders, then resumes war

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Iug. 62.1Is, ubi prīmum opportūnum fuit, Iugurtham ānxium ac miserantem fortūnās suās adcēdit, monet atque lacrumāns obtestātur, utī aliquandō sibi līberīsque et gentī Numidārum optume meritae prōvideat: omnibus proeliīs sēsē victōs, agrum vāstātum, multōs mortālīs captōs occīsōs, regnī opēs conminūtās esse;As soon as there was an opportunity, he went to Jugurtha, who was anxious and lamenting his fortunes, and warned and implored him with tears to provide at last for himself, his children and the Numidian nation, which had deserved so well of him: they had been beaten in every battle, the land was laid waste, many men had been captured or killed, the resources of the kingdom were crushed; Iug. 62.1satis saepe iam et virtūtem mīlitum et fortūnam temptātam;often enough already both the valour of the soldiers and fortune had been tested; Iug. 62.1caveat, nē illō cūnctante Numidae sibi cōnsulant.let him beware lest, while he delayed, the Numidians should look out for themselves. Iug. 62.2Hīs atque tālibus aliīs ad dēditiōnem rēgis animum inpellit.With these and other such words he drove the king's mind towards surrender.

Iug. 62.3Mittuntur ad imperātōrem lēgātī, quī Iugurtham imperāta factūrum dīcerent ac sine ūllā pactiōne sēsē regnumque suom in illīus fidem trādere.Envoys were sent to the general to say that Jugurtha would do what was commanded and was surrendering himself and his kingdom to his good faith without any conditions. Iug. 62.4Metellus properē cūnctōs senātōriī ōrdinis ex hībernīs accersī iubet;Metellus hastily ordered all those of senatorial rank to be summoned from the winter quarters; Iug. 62.4eōrum et aliōrum, quōs idōneōs dūcēbat, cōnsilium habet.he held a council of them and of others whom he thought suitable. Iug. 62.5Ita mōre maiōrum ex cōnsilī dēcrētō per lēgātōs Iugurthae imperat argentī pondō ducenta mīlia, elephantōs omnīs, equōrum et armōrum aliquantum.So, in the manner of their ancestors, in accordance with the decree of the council, he demanded of Jugurtha through envoys two hundred thousand pounds of silver, all his elephants, and a considerable quantity of horses and arms. Iug. 62.6Quae postquam sine morā facta sunt, iubet omnīs perfugās vinctōs addūcī.When this had been done without delay, he ordered all the deserters to be brought to him in chains.

Iug. 62.7Eōrum magna pars, utī iussum erat, adductī;A large part of them were brought, as had been ordered; Iug. 62.7paucī, quom prīmum dēditiō coepit, ad rēgem Bocchum in Mauretāniam abierant.a few, as soon as the surrender began, had gone away to King Bocchus in Mauretania. Iug. 62.8Igitur Iugurtha, ubi armīs virīsque et pecūniā spoliātus est, quom ipse ad imperandum Tisidium vocārētur, rūrsus coepit flectere animum suom et ex malā cōnscientiā digna timēre.So Jugurtha, when he had been stripped of arms, men and money, and was himself summoned to Tisidium to receive orders, began again to change his mind and, from a bad conscience, to fear what he deserved. Iug. 62.9Dēnique multīs diēbus per dubitātiōnem cōnsūmptīs, quom modo taediō rērum advorsārum omnia bellō potiōra dūceret, interdum sēcum ipse reputāret, quam gravis cāsus in servitium ex regnō foret, multīs magnīsque praesidiīs nēquīquam perditīs dē integrō bellum sūmit.At last, after many days had been spent in hesitation, while at one moment, out of weariness with misfortune, he thought anything preferable to war, and at another considered within himself how heavy a fall it would be from a kingdom into slavery, having uselessly thrown away many great resources, he took up war afresh.

Iug. 62.10Et Rōmae senātus dē prōvinciīs cōnsultus Numidiam Metellō dēcrēverat.And at Rome the senate, consulted about the provinces, had assigned Numidia to Metellus.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (141 words)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ānxius, -a, -umanxious
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
miseror, -ārī, -ātus sumlament, pity
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
lacrimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweep, shed tears
obtestor, -testārī, -testātuscall to witness; beseech, implore
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
que, enclitic conj.and
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
bonus, -a, -umgood
meritus, -a, -umdeserved, due, just
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
omnis, -eall, every
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
ager, agri, m.field, land
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
mortālis, -emortal
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
comminuō, -ere, -minuī, -minūtusbreak in pieces, smash
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
saepe, adv.often, frequently
iam, adv.now, already
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tālis, -esuch
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
dēditiō, -ōnis f.surrender
rēx, rēgis, m.king
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
sine, prep. with abl.without
ūllus, -a, -umany
pactiō, -ōnis f.agreement, bargain
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
properē (adv.)quickly, in haste
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
senātōrius, -a, -umof a senator, senatorial
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
idōneus, -a, -umsuitable, fit; favorable
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
dēcrētum, -ī n.decision, decree
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
argentum, -ī, n.silver
pondō (indecl.)by weight; (with numbers) pounds
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
elephantus, -ī m.elephant
equus, -ī, m.horse
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
aliquantus, -a, -umsome, a fair amount (aliquantum itineris: some way)
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
mora, -ae, f.delay
perfuga, -ae m.deserter
vinciō, vincīre, vinxī, vinctusbind
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
igitur, conj.therefore
vir, virī, m.man
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
rūrsus, adv.again
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
malus, -a, -umbad
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dubitātiō, -ōnis f.doubt, hesitation
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
modo, adv.only
taedium, -ī n.weariness, disgust
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
bellum, -ī, n.war
potior, -ius (comp. adj.)better, preferable, more powerful
interdum (adv.)sometimes
reputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, reckon among; think over
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
servitium, -ī n.slavery; (pl.) slaves
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
senātus, -ūs m.senate
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.