| igitur, conj. | therefore |
| posterus, -a, -um | following, next |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| prius, adv. | before, first |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | attack, besiege |
| ēgredior, -gredī, -gressus | go out or forth, go ashore, disembark |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | drive about; discuss, debate |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| dispertiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | divide up, distribute |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctum | go on, press on |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| superior, -ius, adj. | higher; former, previous, preceding |
| mūrus, -ī, m. | wall |
| aggredior, -ī, aggressus sum | attack |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| occultum, -ī n. | hiding place (in occultō: in secret) |
| repente (adv.) | suddenly |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus | go into, attack, seize; come upon |
| locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | place; let out a contract for (a public work) |
| paulisper (adv.) | for a short time |
| terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | frighten, terrify |
| perturbō, -turbāre, -turbāvi, -turbātus | greatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | set in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing |
| subveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus | come to help, rescue (+ dat.) |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| diū, adv. | for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp |
| resistō, -sistere, -stitī | stand back, resist |
| queō, -īre, -īvī (-iī) | be able, can |
| nī (conj.) | if not, unless (= nisi) |
| pedes, peditis m. | foot soldier |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtus | mix together, mingle |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| clādēs, -is f. | disaster, defeat, destruction |
| congressus, -ūs m. | meeting; encounter, clash |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| frētus, -a, -um (+ abl.) | relying on |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| equester, -tris, -tre | of cavalry |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| soleō, -ēre, solitus sum | be accustomed, usually do |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum | go, withdraw, give way |
| sed, conj. | but |
| adversus, -a, -um | facing; unfavourable, unsuccessful |
| equus, -ī, m. | horse |
| concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run, rush, or dash together |
| implicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | entangle, entwine; involve |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| expedītus, -a, -um | unobstructed, easy; lightly equipped |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| paene, adv. | almost, nearly |
| vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum | conquer, defeat |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |