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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 46

Jugurtha's envoys and Metellus' advance

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Iug. 46.1Intereā Iugurtha, ubi quae Metellus agēbat ex nūntiīs accēpit, simul dē innocentiā eius certior Rōmā factus, diffīdere suīs rēbus ac tum dēmum vēram dēditiōnem facere cōnātus est.Meanwhile Jugurtha, when he learned from messengers what Metellus was doing, and was at the same time informed from Rome of his integrity, began to despair of his situation and only then tried to make a genuine surrender. Iug. 46.2Igitur lēgātōs ad cōnsulem cum suppliciīs mittit, quī tantummodo ipsī līberīsque vītam peterent, alia omnia dēderent populō Rōmānō.So he sent envoys to the consul with the tokens of suppliants, to ask only for life for himself and his children, and to surrender everything else to the Roman people. Iug. 46.3Sed Metellō iam anteā experīmentīs cognitum erat genus Numidārum īnfīdum, ingeniō mōbilī, novārum rērum avidum esse.But Metellus had already learned from experience that the Numidian race was faithless, fickle in character and eager for revolution. Iug. 46.4Itaque lēgātōs alium ab aliō dīvorsōs aggreditur ac paulātim temptandō, postquam opportūnōs sibi cognōvit, multa pollicendō persuādet, utī Iugurtham māxumē vīvom, sīn id parum prōcēdat, necātum sibi trāderent.So he approached the envoys one by one, apart from the others, and gradually sounding them out, once he found them suited to his purpose, by many promises he persuaded them to hand Jugurtha over to him, alive if possible, or, if that should not succeed, dead.

Iug. 46.4Cēterum palam quae ex voluntāte forent rēgī nūntiārī iubet.Openly, however, he ordered that a reply should be taken to the king which would agree with his wishes. Iug. 46.5Deinde ipse paucīs diēbus intentō atque īnfestō exercitū in Numidiam prōcēdit, ubi contrā bellī faciem tuguria plēna hominum, pecora cultōrēsque in agrīs erant.Then a few days later he himself advanced into Numidia with his army alert and ready for battle, where, quite unlike the face of war, the huts were full of people, and there were flocks and farmers in the fields. Iug. 46.5Ex oppidīs et māpālibus praefectī rēgis obviī prōcēdēbant parātī frūmentum dare, commeātum portāre, postrēmō omnia quae imperārentur facere.From the towns and villages the king's officers came out to meet him, ready to give grain, to carry provisions, and in short to do everything that was ordered. Iug. 46.6Neque Metellus idcircō minus, sed pariter ac sī hostēs adessent mūnītō agmine incēdere, lātē explōrāre omnia, illa dēditiōnis signa ostentuī crēdere et īnsidiīs locum temptārī.Metellus did not on that account act any less carefully, but advanced with his column protected just as if the enemy were at hand, reconnoitred everything far and wide, believed that those signs of surrender were for show and that an opportunity for an ambush was being sought.

Iug. 46.7Itaque ipse cum expedītīs cohortibus, item funditōrum et sagittāriōrum dēlēctā manū apud prīmōs erat, in postrēmō C. Marius lēgātus cum equitibus cūrābat, in utrumque latus auxiliāriōs equitēs tribūnīs legiōnum et praefectīs cohortium dispertīverat, ut cum iīs permixtī vēlitēs, quōcumque adcēderent, equitātūs hostium prōpulsārent.So he himself was among the foremost with the light-armed cohorts and also a picked band of slingers and archers; in the rear Gaius Marius, his lieutenant, was in charge with the cavalry; on both flanks he had distributed the auxiliary cavalry among the tribunes of the legions and the prefects of the cohorts, so that the light infantry, mixed in with them, might drive off the enemy's horsemen wherever they approached. Iug. 46.8Nam in Iugurthā tantus dolus tantaque perītia locōrum et mīlitiae erat, ut, absēns an praesēns, pācem an bellum gerēns perniciōsior esset, in incertō habērētur.For in Jugurtha there was such cunning and such knowledge of the country and of warfare that it was held uncertain whether he was more dangerous absent or present, waging peace or war.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (161 words)
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
innocentia, -ae f.blamelessness, integrity
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sumdistrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tum, adv.then, at that time
dēmum, adv.at last
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
dēditiō, -ōnis f.surrender
cōnor, -ārī, -ātustry, attempt
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
igitur, conj.therefore
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
cum, prep, with abl.with
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
tantummodo (adv.)only, just
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
que, enclitic conj.and
vīta, -ae, f.life
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
omnis, -eall, every
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
sed, conj.but
iam, adv.now, already
anteā, adv.before
experīmentum, -ī n.trial, experience, proof
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
īnfīdus, -a, -umunfaithful, treacherous
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
mōbilis, -emovable, quick; fickle, changeable
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsuspersuade, prevail upon, induce
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
sīn (conj.)but if
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to death, slay, kill
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
rēx, rēgis, m.king
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
deinde, adv.then, next
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
bellum, -ī, n.war
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
tugurium, -ī n.hut, cottage; (of an animal) kennel
plēnus, -a, -umfull
homō, hominis, m.man
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
cultor, -ōris m.worshipper; tiller, cultivator
ager, agri, m.field, land
oppidum, -ī, n.town
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
māpālia, -ium n. pl.huts of African nomads
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcarry
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
idcircō (adv.)for that reason
minus, comp. adv.less
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
sī, conj.if
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
lātēwidely
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
ostentus, -ūs m.display, show; ostentui esse: be a spectacle, serve as proof
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
expedītus, -a, -umunobstructed, easy; lightly equipped
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
itemlikewise, also
funditor, -ōris m.slinger
sagittārius, -ī m.archer
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
manus, -ūs, f.hand
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
postrēmus, -a, -umlast
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
latus, lateris n.side, flank
auxiliārius, -a, -umauxiliary (of troops raised from allies, not legionaries)
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
dispertiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusdivide up, distribute
permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
vēles, -itis m.light-armed skirmisher
quōcumque (adv.)to whatever place; in whatever direction
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
prōpulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdrive back
nam, conj.for
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
dolus, -ī, m.trick, craft
perītia, -ae f.experience, practical knowledge, skill
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
absēns, -entisabsent, away
an, conj.or (in questions)
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
pāx, pācis f.peace
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
perniciōsus, -a, -umdestructive, ruinous, dangerous
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.