| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| tempestās, -tātis, f. | weather; storm, tempest |
| sēditiō, -ōnis f. | riot, mutiny, discord |
| tribūnicius, -a, -um | of a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power |
| atrōciter (adv.) | savagely, cruelly; harshly |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| pūblicus, -a, -um | public, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state) |
| agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | drive about; discuss, debate |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| plēbs, plēbis f. | the common people |
| resistō, -sistere, -stitī | stand back, resist |
| collēga, -ae m. | colleague, fellow official |
| continuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | join together, make continuous; join one house to another |
| magistrātus, -ūs m. | magistrate, official |
| nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.) | rely on |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| dissēnsiō, -ōnis f. | disagreement, quarrel |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| comitia, -ōrum n. pl. | the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections |
| impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītus | hinder, prevent, impede |
| mora, -ae, f. | delay |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead to, bring, take; induce, influence |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| praetor, -ōris m. | praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers) |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| suprā, adv. and prep. with acc. | above, before |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| terror, -ōris, m. | terror, fright |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| pecūnia, -ae, f. | money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times) |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| mēnsis, -is m. | month |
| Iānuārius, -a, -um | of January (Kalendae Iānuāriae: 1 January) |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |
| expedītiō, -ōnis f. | expedition, raid |
| ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātus | call out, challenge |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| hiems, hiemis f. | winter |
| asper, -era, -erum | rough, harsh; difficult |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| thēsaurus, -ī m. | treasure; storehouse |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| quamquam, conj. | however much, although |
| saevitia, -ae f. | fierceness, cruelty |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| opportūnitās, -ātis f. | advantage, favourable feature |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessus | beset, besiege |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| nam, conj. | for |
| circum, prep. with acc. | around |
| mūrus, -ī, m. | wall |
| situs, -a, -um | placed, situated |
| praeruptus, -a, -um | steep, precipitous |
| mōns, montis, m. | mountain |
| extrēmus, -a, -um | last, extreme, furthest |
| plānitiēs, -ēī f. | plain, level ground |
| līmōsus, -a, -um | muddy, slimy |
| hiemālis, -e | of winter, wintry, stormy |
| aqua, -ae, f. | water |
| palūs, -ūdis, f. | swamp, marsh |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | pretend |
| grātia, -ae, f. | favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| formīdō, -inis f. | fear, dread; something to be dreaded |
| addō, -ere, -didī, -ditus | add, put to |
| cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.) | desire, longing, greed |
| caecus, -a, -um | blind |
| ob, prep. with acc. | on account of, for; in compounds, to, against |
| potior, -īrī, -ītus | become master of, get possession of |
| vīnea, -ae f. | shed (a movable shelter for besiegers) |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| agger, aggeris m. | mound, siege ramp |
| iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactus | throw, cast, hurl |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| inceptum, -ī n. | beginning, attempt, undertaking |
| ūsus, -ūs, m. | use; experience |
| properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | hasten |