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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 35

Murder of Massiva; Jugurtha leaves Rome

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Iug. 35.1Erat eā tempestāte Rōmae Numida quīdam nōmine Massiva, Gulussae fīlius, Masinissae nepōs, quī, quia in dissēnsiōne rēgum Iugurthae advorsus fuerat, dēditā Cirtā et Adherbale interfectō profugus ex patriā abierat.There was at that time at Rome a certain Numidian named Massiva, son of Gulussa and grandson of Masinissa, who, because he had been opposed to Jugurtha in the quarrel of the kings, had left his country as a fugitive after Cirta was surrendered and Adherbal killed. Iug. 35.2Huic Sp. Albīnus, quī proxumō annō post Bēstiam cum Q. Minuciō Rūfō cōnsulātum gerēbat, persuādet, quoniam ex stirpe Masinissae sit Iugurthamque ob scelera invidiā cum metū urgeat, regnum Numidiae ab senātū petat.Spurius Albinus, who held the consulship with Quintus Minucius Rufus in the year after Bestia, persuaded him that, since he was of the stock of Masinissa and Jugurtha was beset by hatred and fear because of his crimes, he should ask the senate for the kingdom of Numidia. Iug. 35.3Avidus cōnsul bellī gerundī movēre quam senēscere omnia mālēbat.The consul, eager to wage war, preferred that everything should be stirred up rather than grow stale.

Iug. 35.3Ipsī prōvincia Numidia, Minuciō Macedonia ēvēnerat.To him had fallen the province of Numidia, to Minucius Macedonia. Iug. 35.4Quae postquam Massiva agitāre coepit neque Iugurthae in amīcīs satis praesidī est, quod eōrum alium cōnscientia, alium mala fāma et timor impediēbat, Bomilcarī, proxumō ac māxumē fīdō sibi, imperat, pretiō, sīcutī multa cōnfēcerat, īnsidiātōrēs Massivae pāret ac māxumē occultē, sīn id parum prōcēdat, quōvīs modō Numidam interficiat.When Massiva began to press this matter, and Jugurtha found too little protection among his friends, because a guilty conscience hampered one, bad repute and fear another, he ordered Bomilcar, his closest and most loyal follower, to procure assassins to lie in wait for Massiva with money, the means by which he had accomplished many things, and to do it as secretly as possible, but, if that did not succeed, to kill the Numidian by any means at all. Iug. 35.5Bomilcar mātūrē rēgis mandāta exequitur et per hominēs tālis negōtī artificēs itinera ēgressūsque eius, postrēmō loca atque tempora cūncta explōrat.Bomilcar promptly carried out the king's orders and through men skilled in such business spied out Massiva's journeys and goings out, in short all his places and times.

Iug. 35.5Deinde, ubi rēs postulābat, īnsidiās tendit.Then, when the situation demanded, he laid the ambush. Iug. 35.6Igitur ūnus ex eō numerō, quī ad caedem parātī erant, paulō incōnsultius Massivam aggreditur.So one of those who had been made ready for the murder attacked Massiva somewhat rashly. Iug. 35.6Illum obtruncat, sed ipse dēprehēnsus multīs hortantibus et in prīmīs Albīnō cōnsule indicium profitētur.He cut him down, but was himself caught, and at the urging of many, above all of the consul Albinus, he turned informer. Iug. 35.7Fit reus magis ex aequō bonōque quam ex iūre gentium Bomilcar, comes eius, quī Rōmam fidē pūblicā vēnerat.Bomilcar was put on trial, more in accordance with what was fair and good than with the law of nations, since he was the companion of a man who had come to Rome under a public pledge. Iug. 35.8At Iugurtha manufestus tantī sceleris nōn prius omīsit contrā vērum nītī, quam animadvortit suprā grātiam atque pecūniam suam invidiam factī esse.But Jugurtha, though plainly guilty of so great a crime, did not stop struggling against the truth until he perceived that the odium of the deed was beyond his influence and money.

Iug. 35.9Igitur, quamquam in priōre āctiōne ex amīcīs quīnquāgintā vadēs dederat, regnō magis quam vadibus cōnsulēns clam in Numidiam Bomilcarem dīmittit, veritus, nē reliquōs populārīs metus invāderet pārendī sibi, sī dē illō supplicium sūmptum foret.So, although at the first hearing he had given fifty of his friends as sureties, thinking more of his kingdom than of the sureties, he sent Bomilcar away secretly to Numidia, afraid that fear of obeying him would seize the rest of his subjects if Bomilcar were punished. Iug. 35.9Et ipse paucīs diēbus eōdem profectus est, iussus ā senātū Ītaliā dēcēdere.And he himself set out for the same place a few days later, ordered by the senate to leave Italy. Iug. 35.10Sed postquam Rōmā ēgressus est, fertur saepe eō tacitus respiciēns postrēmō dīxisse "ō urbem vēnālem et mātūrē peritūram, sī ēmptōrem invēnerit."But after he had left Rome, he is said to have looked back at it often in silence and at last to have said, 'O city for sale, and soon to perish, if it finds a buyer!'

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (184 words)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
fīlius, -ī, m.son
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
quia (conj.)because
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dissēnsiō, -ōnis f.disagreement, quarrel
rēx, rēgis, m.king
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
profugus, -a, -umfleeing, fugitive; wandering
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
annus, -ī, m.year
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
cum, prep, with abl.with
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsuspersuade, prevail upon, induce
quoniam, conj.since now, since
stirps, stirpis f.stock, root; family, race
que, enclitic conj.and
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
urgeō, -ēre, ursīpress hard
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
senātus, -ūs m.senate
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
bellum, -ī, n.war
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
senēscō, -ere, senuīgrow old
omnis, -eall, every
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
quod, conj.that, in that, because
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
malus, -a, -umbad
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
timor, -ōris, m.fear
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
sīcutī (adv.)just as, as
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
īnsidiātor, -ōris m.a man lying in ambush; (pl.) the ambushers
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
occultē (adv.)secretly
sīn (conj.)but if
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
quīvīs, quaevīs, quodvīsany you like, any whatever
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
mandātum, -ī n.order, instruction, message
exsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumcarry out, enforce
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
homō, hominis, m.man
tālis, -esuch
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
artifex, -icis m.artist, craftsman; scaenicus artifex: actor
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
ēgressus, -ūs m.landing place; going out
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
deinde, adv.then, next
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
igitur, conj.therefore
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
numerus, -ī, m.number
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
incōnsultē (adv.)rashly, without thinking
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
obtruncō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscut down, kill
sed, conj.but
dēprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsuscatch, seize, overtake; detect
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
indicium, -ī n.information, evidence; an informer's report
profiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumdeclare openly; offer oneself as
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
bonus, -a, -umgood
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
at, conj.but
manifestus, -a, -umplain, clear; caught in the act
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
nōn, adv.not
prius, adv.before, first
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
factum, -ī n.deed, act
quamquam, conj.however much, although
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
quīnquāgintā, indecl. adj.fifty
vas, vadis m.surety, bail (person)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
clam (adv.)secretly
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
sī, conj.if
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
eōdemto the same place
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
saepe, adv.often, frequently
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ō (interj.)O! oh!
urbs, urbis, f.city
vēnālis, -efor sale; venal, open to bribery
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
ēmptor, -ōris m.buyer, purchaser
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.