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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 28

Bestia's army crosses to Africa

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Iug. 28.1At Iugurtha contrā spem nūntiō acceptō, quippe quoi Rōmae omnia vēnīre in animō haeserat, fīlium et cum eō duōs familiāris ad senātum lēgātōs mittit iīsque utī Illīs, quōs Hiempsale interfectō mīserat, praecipit, omnīs mortālīs pecūniā aggrediantur.But Jugurtha, receiving the news against his expectation, since the idea that everything at Rome was for sale had stuck fast in his mind, sent his son and with him two close friends as envoys to the senate, and instructed them, as he had those he had sent after Hiempsal was killed, to assail everyone with money. Iug. 28.2Quī postquam Rōmam adventābant, senātus ā Bēstiā cōnsultus est, placērētne lēgātōs Iugurthae recipī moenibus, iīque dēcrēvēre, nisi regnum ipsumque dēditum vēnissent, utī in diēbus proxumīs decem Ītaliā dēcēderent.As they were approaching Rome, Bestia consulted the senate as to whether Jugurtha's envoys should be received within the walls, and the senators decreed that, unless they had come to surrender the kingdom and the king himself, they must leave Italy within the next ten days. Iug. 28.3Cōnsul Numidīs ex senātūs dēcrētō nūntiārī iubet.The consul ordered the Numidians to be told of the senate's decree.

Iug. 28.3Ita īnfectīs rēbus illī domum discēdunt.So they went home with their business unaccomplished. Iug. 28.4Interim Calpurnius parātō exercitū lēgat sibi hominēs nōbilīs factiōsōs, quōrum auctōritāte quae dēlīquisset mūnīta fore spērābat.Meanwhile Calpurnius, having made his army ready, chose as his officers men of noble birth and of party spirit, by whose authority he hoped that whatever wrongs he committed would be protected. Iug. 28.4In quīs fuit Scaurus, quoius dē nātūrā et habitū suprā memorāvimus.Among them was Scaurus, of whose character and habits we have spoken above. Iug. 28.5Nam in cōnsule nostrō multae bonaeque artēs et animī et corporis erant, quās omnis avāritia praepediēbat: patiēns labōrum, ācrī ingeniō, satis prōvidēns, bellī haud ignārus, firmissumus contrā perīcula et īnsidiās.For in our consul there were many good qualities of both mind and body, all of which avarice hampered: he was patient of toil, of a keen intellect, sufficiently far-sighted, by no means ignorant of war, and very steadfast against dangers and plots. Iug. 28.6Sed legiōnēs per Ītaliam Rēgium atque inde Siciliam, porrō ex Siciliā in Āfricam trānsvectae.But the legions were conveyed through Italy to Rhegium and from there to Sicily, and then from Sicily to Africa.

Iug. 28.7Igitur Calpurnius initiō parātīs commeātibus ācriter Numidiam ingressus est, multōsque mortālīs et urbīs aliquot pugnandō cēpit.So Calpurnius, having first got his supplies ready, entered Numidia vigorously, and by fighting took many people and a number of cities.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (111 words)
at, conj.but
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
spēs, speī, f.hope
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
omnis, -eall, every
vēneō, -īre, -iībe sold (+ abl. of price)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrusstick; hesitate
fīlius, -ī, m.son
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cum, prep, with abl.with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
senātus, -ūs m.senate
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
que, enclitic conj.and
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
mortālis, -emortal
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
adventō, -āre, -āvīcome nearer and nearer, approach
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
nisi, conj.if not, unless
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
decem, indecl. adj.ten
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
dēcrētum, -ī n.decision, decree
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
īnfectus, -a, -umnot done, undone, unaccomplished
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
interim (adv.)meanwhile
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
lēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbequeath, leave by will; send as an envoy
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
homō, hominis, m.man
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
factiōsus, -a, -umpartisan, fond of intrigue, power-seeking
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
dēlinquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictusfail, do wrong, offend
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
nam, conj.for
noster, -tra, -trumour
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
bonus, -a, -umgood
ars, artis, f.art
corpus, corporis, n.body
avāritia, -ae f.greed
praepediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusshackle, hamper, hinder
patiēns, -entispatient, able to endure
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
bellum, -ī, n.war
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
sed, conj.but
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
inde (adv.)from there; then
porrō (adv.)further on; moreover
trānsvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry across or over
igitur, conj.therefore
initium, -ī, n.beginning
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
urbs, urbis, f.city
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.