| adveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come to or toward, approach, arrive |
| quaestor, -ōris m. | quaestor, a Roman official in charge of an army's funds |
| appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus | call, name |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| pater, patris, m. | father |
| obviam, adv. | in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| metus, -ūs m. | fear, dread |
| coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus | join together, join |
| eō, īre, iī, itus | go |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | place; let out a contract for (a public work) |
| vesper, vesperī, m. | evening |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| repente (adv.) | suddenly |
| Maurus, -a, -um | Moorish, North African |
| incertus, -a, -um | uncertain, unreliable |
| vultus, -ūs m. | face, expression |
| paveō, -ēre, pāvī | be terrified, tremble |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| accurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run to, come up |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| speculātor, -ōris m. | spy, scout |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| haud, adv. | not at all, by no means, not |
| procul, adv. | at or from a distance, far |
| absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus | be away, be absent, be distant; be wanting |
| utī (conj.) | older form of ut: that, so that; as |
| noctū, adv. | at or by night |
| clam (adv.) | secretly |
| profugiō, -ere, -fūgī | flee, escape |
| rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | ask |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| hortor, -ārī, -ātus | exhort, encourage, urge |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| ferōx, -ōcis, adj. | fierce, savage |
| negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | say no or not, deny, refuse |
| totiēns (adv.) | so often, so many times |
| fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsum | pour; rout, scatter (an enemy) |
| pertimēscō, -ere, -timuī | become very afraid, dread |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | believe |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| sī, conj. | if |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| pestis, -is f. | plague, pest; ruin, destruction |
| adsum, adesse, adfuī | be present, be at hand |
| maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsus | remain |
| potius (adv.) | rather |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditum | hand down; betray |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus | lead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry |
| turpis, -e | disgraceful |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| forsitan (adv.) | perhaps |
| paulō, adv. | by a little, a little, somewhat |
| morbus, -ī m. | sickness, disease |
| intereō, -īre, -iī, -itūrus | perish, die |
| vīta, -ae, f. | life |
| parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrus | spare, show mercy to (+ dat.) |
| cēterum (adv.) | but, however; for the rest |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | warn |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| approbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | approve, agree with |
| statim, adv. | on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| cēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | dine |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| ignis, -is, m. | fire |
| crēber, -bra, -brum | frequent, numerous; close together |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| vigilia, -ae, f. | watch |
| silentium, -ī n. | silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly |
| ēgredior, -gredī, -gressus | go out or forth, go ashore, disembark |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| nocturnus, -a, -um | of night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| fessus, -a, -um | exhausted, worn out, weary |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| pariter (adv.) | equally, alike; at the same time |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| ortus, -ūs m. | rising (ortus sōlis: sunrise) |
| sōl, sōlis, m. | sun |
| mētor, -ārī, -ātus sum | measure out, mark out |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | report, announce |
| circiter, prep. with acc. and adv. | about |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| intervallum, -ī, n. | interval, space, distance |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessus | sit down |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | hear; listen or attend to |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| vērō, adv. | in truth, indeed; however |
| ingēns, -gentis, adj. | huge, vast |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus | go into, attack, seize; come upon |
| īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur. | ambush; plot, stratagem |
| circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum | surround |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | punish; claim |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| apud, prep, with acc. | among, with |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| scelus, sceleris, n. | wickedness, crime |
| inultus, -a, -um | unavenged; unpunished |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |