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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 103

Bocchus' envoys find Sulla

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Iug. 103.1Marius intereā exercitū in hībernāculīs conpositō cum expedītīs cohortibus et parte equitātūs proficīscitur in loca sōla obsessum turrim rēgiam, quō Iugurtha perfugās omnīs praesidium inposuerat.Marius meanwhile, having settled the army in winter quarters, sets out with the light-armed cohorts and part of the cavalry into desert country to besiege a royal tower, in which Jugurtha had placed all the deserters as a garrison. Iug. 103.2Tum rūrsus Bocchus, seu reputandō quae sibi duōbus proeliīs vēnerant, seu admonitus ab aliīs amīcīs, quōs incorruptōs Iugurtha relīquerat, ex omnī cōpiā necessāriōrum quīnque dēlēgit, quōrum et fidēs cognita et ingenia validissuma erant.Then once again Bocchus, either from reflecting on what had befallen him in two battles, or on the advice of other friends whom Jugurtha had left unbribed, chose from the whole number of his intimates five men whose loyalty was known and whose abilities were very great. Iug. 103.3Eōs ad Marium ac deinde, sī placeat, Rōmam lēgātōs īre iubet, agundārum rērum et quōcumque modō bellī conpōnundī licentiam ipsīs permittit.He orders them to go as envoys to Marius and then, if it seemed good, to Rome, and gives them full authority to negotiate and to settle the war on any terms.

Iug. 103.4Illī mātūrē ad hīberna Rōmānōrum proficīscuntur, deinde in itinere ā Gaetūlīs latrōnibus circumventī spoliātīque pavidī sine decore ad Sullam profugiunt, quem cōnsul in expedītiōnem proficīscēns prō praetōre relīquerat.They set out promptly for the Romans' winter quarters, but then on the way they were surrounded and robbed by Gaetulian bandits and fled in fear and without dignity to Sulla, whom the consul, when setting out on his expedition, had left behind as propraetor. Iug. 103.5Eōs ille nōn prō vānīs hostibus, utī meritī erant, sed adcūrātē ac līberāliter habuit.He treated them, not as untrustworthy enemies, as they had deserved, but with care and generosity. Iug. 103.5Quā rē barbarī et fāmam Rōmānōrum avāritiae falsam et Sullam ob mūnificentiam in sēsē amīcum ratī.Because of this the barbarians thought that the reputation of the Romans for greed was false, and that Sulla, because of his munificence towards them, was their friend. Iug. 103.6Nam etiam tum largītiō multīs ignōta erat;For even then many did not know about bribery; Iug. 103.6mūnificus nēmō putābātur nisi pariter volēns;no one was thought generous unless he was also well-disposed; Iug. 103.6dōna omnia in benignitāte habēbantur.all gifts were regarded as kindness.

Iug. 103.7Igitur quaestōrī mandāta Bocchī patefaciunt;So they disclose Bocchus' instructions to the quaestor; Iug. 103.7simul ab eō petunt, utī fautor cōnsultorque sibi adsit;at the same time they ask him to be their supporter and adviser; Iug. 103.7cōpiās fidem magnitūdinem rēgis suī et alia, quae aut ūtilia aut benevolentiae esse crēdēbant, ōrātiōne extollunt.they extol in their speech the forces, the good faith and the greatness of their king, and other things which they believed were either useful or would win goodwill. Iug. 103.7Dein Sulla omnia pollicitō doctī, quō modō apud Marium, item apud senātum verba facerent, circiter diēs quadrāgintā ibīdem opperiuntur.Then, when Sulla had promised everything, they were taught how to speak before Marius and likewise before the senate, and wait there for about forty days.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (142 words)
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
hībernāculum, -ī n.winter quarters (usu. pl.)
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
cum, prep, with abl.with
expedītus, -a, -umunobstructed, easy; lightly equipped
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
sōlus, -a, -umalone
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
turris, -is f.tower; siege tower
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
perfuga, -ae m.deserter
omnis, -eall, every
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
tum, adv.then, at that time
rūrsus, adv.again
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
reputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, reckon among; think over
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
incorruptus, -a, -umuncorrupted, genuine, reliable
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
quīnquefive
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
validus, -a, -umstrong
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
deinde, adv.then, next
sī, conj.if
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
quōcumque (adv.)to whatever place; in whatever direction
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
bellum, -ī, n.war
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
latrō, -ōnis, m.robber
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
que, enclitic conj.and
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
sine, prep. with abl.without
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
profugiō, -ere, -fūgīflee, escape
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
nōn, adv.not
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
utī (conj.)older form of ut: that, so that; as
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
sed, conj.but
accūrātē (adv.)carefully, with care
līberāliter (adv.)generously, kindly
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
avāritia, -ae f.greed
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
mūnificentia, -ae f.generosity, open-handedness
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
nam, conj.for
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
largītiō, -ōnis f.lavish giving, bribery
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
mūnificus, -a, -umgenerous, bountiful
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
nisi, conj.if not, unless
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
volō, velle, voluīwish
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
benignitās, -tātis, f.kindness
igitur, conj.therefore
quaestor, -ōris m.quaestor, a Roman official in charge of an army's funds
mandātum, -ī n.order, instruction, message
patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusthrow, or lay open, open
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
fautor, -ōris m.supporter, patron
cōnsultor, -ōris m.client consulting a lawyer; adviser
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
rēx, rēgis, m.king
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
benevolentia, -ae f.goodwill, kindness
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
extollō, -erelift up, raise; praise, exalt
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
itemlikewise, also
senātus, -ūs m.senate
verbum, -ī, n.word
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv.about
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
quadrāgintā (indecl.)forty
ibīdem (adv.)in the same place, just there
opperior, -īrī, -pertus sumwait for, await
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.