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Pliny · Epistulae VI

Pliny, Letter 6.29

Which cases an advocate should take

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Ep. 6.29.1Avidius Quiētus, quī mē ūnicē dīlēxit et - quō nōn minus gaudeō - probāvit, ut multa alia Thraseae - fuit enim familiāris - ita hoc saepe referēbat, praecipere solitum suscipiendās esse causās aut amīcōrum aut dēstitūtās aut ad exemplum pertinentēs.Avidius Quietus, who loved me exceptionally and — which gives me no less joy — approved of me, used often to report, among many other sayings of Thrasea — for he was his close friend — this one too, that Thrasea was accustomed to advise that one should take on cases either of friends, or abandoned ones, or ones that set a precedent. Ep. 6.29.2Cūr amīcōrum, nōn eget interpretātiōne.Why those of friends needs no explanation. Ep. 6.29.2Cūr dēstitūtās?Why abandoned ones? Ep. 6.29.2quod in illīs maximē et cōnstantia agentis et hūmānitās cernerētur.Because in them above all both the firmness and the humanity of the advocate could be seen. Ep. 6.29.2Cūr pertinentēs ad exemplum?Why those that set a precedent? Ep. 6.29.2quia plūrimum referret, bonum an malum indūcerētur.Because it mattered very much whether a good or a bad one was introduced.

Ep. 6.29.3Ad haec ego genera causārum ambitiōsē fortasse, addam tamen clārās et illūstrēs.To these kinds of cases I shall add, ambitiously perhaps, but still I shall add, famous and conspicuous ones. Ep. 6.29.3Aequum est enim agere nōn numquam glōriae et fāmae, id est suam causam.For it is fair sometimes to plead for glory and fame, that is, to plead one's own case. Ep. 6.29.3Hōs terminōs, quia mē cōnsuluistī, dignitātī ac verēcundiae tuae statuō.These are the limits, since you have consulted me, that I set for your dignity and modesty. Ep. 6.29.4Nec mē praeterit ūsum et esse et habērī optimum dīcendī magistrum;Nor does it escape me that practice both is and is held to be the best teacher of speaking; Ep. 6.29.4videō etiam multōs parvō ingeniō litterīs nūllīs, ut bene agerent agendō cōnsecūtōs.I see too that many men of small talent and no learning have managed to plead well by pleading. Ep. 6.29.5Sed et illud, quod vel Polliōnis vel tamquam Polliōnis accēpī, vērissimum experior: "Commodē agendō factum est ut saepe agerem, saepe agendō ut minus commodē", quia scīlicet assiduitāte nimiā facilitās magis quam facultās, nec fīdūcia sed temeritās parātur.But I find by experience that this saying, which I have heard attributed either to Pollio or to someone like Pollio, is very true: 'By pleading well it came about that I pleaded often, and by pleading often that I pleaded less well,' since, of course, by excessive assiduity one acquires glibness rather than ability, and not confidence but rashness.

Ep. 6.29.6Nec vērō Īsocratī quō minus habērētur summus ōrātor offēcit, quod īnfirmitāte vōcis mollitiā frontis nē in pūblicō dīceret impediēbātur.Nor indeed did it prevent Isocrates from being held a supreme orator that he was kept from speaking in public by the weakness of his voice and the timidity of his nature. Ep. 6.29.6Proinde multum lege scrībe meditāre, ut possīs cum volēs dīcere: dīcēs cum velle dēbēbis.So read much, write, practise, so that you may be able to speak when you wish: you will speak when you ought to wish. Ep. 6.29.7Hoc ferē temperāmentum ipse servāvī;This is roughly the balance I have kept myself; Ep. 6.29.7nōn numquam necessitātī quae pars ratiōnis est pāruī.sometimes I have obeyed necessity, which is a part of reason. Ep. 6.29.7Ēgī enim quāsdam ā senātū iussus, quō tamen in numerō fuērunt ex illā Thraseae dīvīsiōne, hoc est ad exemplum pertinentēs.For I have pleaded certain cases at the senate's command, yet among them were some from that classification of Thrasea's, that is, ones that set a precedent. Ep. 6.29.8Adfuī Baeticīs contrā Baebium Massam: quaesītum est, an danda esset inquīsītiō;I appeared for the people of Baetica against Baebius Massa: the question was whether an inquiry should be granted; Ep. 6.29.8data est.it was granted.

Ep. 6.29.8Adfuī rūrsus īsdem querentibus dē Caeciliō Classicō: quaesītum est, an prōvinciālēs ut sociōs ministrōsque prōcōnsulis plectī oportēret;I appeared again for the same people when they were complaining of Caecilius Classicus: the question was whether the provincials should be punished as allies and agents of the proconsul; Ep. 6.29.8poenās luērunt.they paid the penalty. Ep. 6.29.9Accūsāvī Marium Prīscum, quī lēge repetundārum damnātus ūtēbātur clēmentiā lēgis, cuius sevēritātem immānitāte crīminum excesserat;I accused Marius Priscus, who, condemned under the law on extortion, was enjoying the leniency of the law, whose severity he had exceeded by the monstrousness of his crimes; Ep. 6.29.9relēgātus est.he was banished. Ep. 6.29.10Tuitus sum Iūlium Bassum, ut incustōdītum nimis et incautum, ita minimē malum;I defended Julius Bassus, as a man who was too unguarded and incautious, but by no means wicked; Ep. 6.29.10iūdicibus acceptīs in senātū remānsit.judges were granted and he kept his seat in the senate. Ep. 6.29.11Dīxī proximē prō Varēnō postulante, ut sibi invicem ēvocāre testēs licēret;I spoke recently for Varenus, who was asking to be allowed to call witnesses on his side in turn; Ep. 6.29.11impetrātum est.it was granted.

Ep. 6.29.11In posterum optō ut ea potissimum iubear, quae mē deceat vel sponte fēcisse.For the future I hope that I may be ordered above all to do what it would become me to have done even of my own accord. Ep. 6.29.11Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×7, indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×4, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (188 words)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
ūnicē (adv.)singularly, above all
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
nōn, adv.not
minus, comp. adv.less
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
enim, conj.for
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
saepe, adv.often, frequently
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
dēstituō, -ere, -stituī, -stitūtumleave in the lurch, abandon
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
cūr, adv.why
egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.)need, lack, be in want of
interpretātiō, -ōnis f.interpretation, explanation; meaning
quod, conj.that, in that, because
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
quia (conj.)because
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
an, conj.or (in questions)
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ambitiōsē (adv.)so as to win favour, ambitiously
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
illūstris, -edistinguished, noble
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
numquam, adv.never
glōria, -ae, f.glory
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
bonus, -a, -umgood
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
magister, -trī, m.master
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
bene, adv.well; successfully
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
sed, conj.but
velor; vel … vel: either … or
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
commodē (adv.)conveniently, easily, well
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
scīlicet, adv.of course, naturally, evidently
assiduitās (adsiduitās), -ātis f.constant presence, attendance; persistence
nimius, -a, -umexcessive, too great
facilitās, -ātis f.easiness of manner, good nature, approachability
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
ōrātor, -ōris m.speaker; envoy
officiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusget in the way of, hinder, obstruct (+ dat.)
īnfirmitās, -ātis f.weakness; fickleness
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
mollitia, -ae f.softness; weakness, lack of spirit
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
multum, -ī, n.much
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
meditor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink over, plan; practise, train for
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
volō, velle, voluīwish
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
temperāmentum, -ī n.right proportion, balance, moderation; compromise
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
senātus, -ūs m.senate
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
numerus, -ī, m.number
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
dīvīsiō, -ōnis f.division, distinction, separation; distribution
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
inquīsītiō, -ōnis f.search, investigation, inquiry
rūrsus, adv.again
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
classicus, -a, -umof the fleet, naval; legio classica: legion raised from marines
prōvinciālis, -eof the Province; as noun, a provincial
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
minister, -trī m.servant, attendant, helper
que, enclitic conj.and
prōcōnsul, -ulis m.proconsul, governor
plectō, -ere, plexī, plexusplait, weave, twist
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
luō, -ere, luīpay; atone for, expiate
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
lēx, lēgis f.law
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
clēmentia, -ae, f.mercy, kindness
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
immānitās, -tātis, f.cruelty, barbarity
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
relēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, remove; banish
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
incustōdītus, -a, -umunguarded, unwatched
nimis (adv.)too much, too
incautus, -a, -umoff one's guard, careless
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
malus, -a, -umbad
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
remaneō, -ēre, -mānsīstay behind, remain
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
invicem (adv.)in turn, mutually; ad invicem: to one another
ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall out, challenge
testis, -is m./f.witness
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae VI. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.