| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| multum, -ī, n. | much |
| intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus | be or lie between |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron. | each |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| enim, conj. | for |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| clāritās, -ātis f. | brightness; renown, glory |
| vel | or; vel … vel: either … or |
| obscūritās, -ātis f. | darkness, obscurity; low birth, insignificance |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātus | lift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor |
| altē (adv.) | high; deep |
| humiliter (adv.) | low, humbly; humillimē dēprimī: sink to the lowest |
| dēprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressum | press down, sink; depressus: sunk below ground |
| nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | sail |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| senior, -ōris m. | elder; seniores: the elders (of the people) |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out before, show, explain |
| ego, meī, pers. pron. | I |
| vīlla, -ae, f. | country-house, villa |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| cubiculum, -ī, n. | bedroom |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| lacus, -ūs, m. | lake |
| prōmineō, -ēre, -uī | jut out, lean forward |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verb | I say, you say, he says |
| aliquandō, adv. | at some time or other; finally, at length |
| mūniceps, -cipis m. | citizen of a municipium, townsman |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| marītus, -ī, m. | husband |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | throw headlong; sē praecipitāre: hurl oneself |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītus | look for, ask after; need |
| diūtinus, -a, -um | long-lasting, prolonged |
| morbus, -ī m. | sickness, disease |
| circā (adv. and prep. + acc.) | around, about |
| vēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | veil, cover |
| corpus, corporis, n. | body |
| ulcus, -eris n. | sore, ulcer, boil |
| putrēscō, -ere, -truī | rot, decay |
| uxor, -ōris, f. | wife |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectus | look into or upon |
| exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | drive out; finish, spend (a season) |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron. | any one, anything |
| fidēliter, adv. | faithfully, loyally |
| indicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | point out, reveal, give information; inform against |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| sānō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | heal, make good, repair |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātus | despair |
| hortor, -ārī, -ātus | exhort, encourage, urge |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| morior, morī, mortuus | die |
| comes, -itis, m. and f. | companion |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| mors, mortīs, f. | death |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| immō (adv.) | no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| exemplum, -ī n. | example, precedent |
| necessitās, -ātis f. | necessity, compulsion |
| nam, conj. | for |
| ligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | tie, bind |
| abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw away |
| factum, -ī n. | deed, act |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| quidem, adv. | in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even |
| nisi, conj. | if not, unless |
| proximē (adv.) | most recently; nearest |
| audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | hear; listen or attend to |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| quia (conj.) | because |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| clārus, -a, -um | clear, loud; famous |
| sed, conj. | but |
| parvus, -a, -um | little, small |
| valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus | be strong or effectual, have effect, prevail |