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Pliny · Epistulae V

Pliny, Letter 5.16

The death of Fundanus' daughter

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Ep. 5.16.1Trīstissimus haec tibi scrībō, Fundānī nostrī fīlia minōre dēfūnctā.I write this to you in great sadness, our friend Fundanus' younger daughter having died. Ep. 5.16.1Quā puellā nihil umquam fēstīvius amābilius, nec modo longiōre vītā sed prope immortālitāte dignius vīdī.I have never seen anything more charming or lovable than that girl, or more worthy not only of a longer life but almost of immortality. Ep. 5.16.2Nōndum annōs xiiii implēverat, et iam illī anīlis prūdentia, mātrōnālis gravitās erat et tamen suāvitās puellāris cum virginālī verēcundiā.She had not yet reached the age of fourteen, and already she had the good sense of an old woman, the dignity of a matron, and yet a girl's sweetness together with a maiden's modesty. Ep. 5.16.3Ut illa patris cervīcibus inhaerēbat!How she used to cling to her father's neck! Ep. 5.16.3ut nōs amīcōs paternōs et amanter et modestē complectēbātur!how lovingly and modestly she would embrace us, her father's friends! Ep. 5.16.3ut nūtrīcēs, ut paedagōgōs, ut praeceptōrēs prō suō quemque officiō dīligēbat!how she loved her nurses, her attendants, her teachers, each according to their service! Ep. 5.16.3quam studiōsē, quam intellegenter lēctitābat!how eagerly, how intelligently she used to read!

Ep. 5.16.3ut parcē custōdītēque lūdēbat!how sparingly and carefully she played! Ep. 5.16.3Quā illa temperantiā, quā patientiā, quā etiam cōnstantiā novissimam valētūdinem tulit!With what self-control, what patience, and even what firmness she bore her last illness! Ep. 5.16.4Medicīs obsequēbātur, sorōrem patrem adhortābātur ipsamque sē dēstitūtam corporis vīribus vigōre animī sustinēbat.She obeyed the doctors, encouraged her sister and her father, and, when the strength of her body had failed her, kept herself going by the vigour of her spirit. Ep. 5.16.5Dūrāvit hic illī ūsque ad extrēmum, nec aut spatiō valētūdinis aut metū mortis īnfrāctus est, quō plūrēs graviōrēsque nōbīs causās relinqueret et dēsīderiī et dolōris.This lasted in her right to the end, and was broken neither by the length of her illness nor by the fear of death, so as to leave us more and heavier reasons for both longing and grief. Ep. 5.16.6Ō trīste plānē acerbumque fūnus!O truly sad and bitter death! Ep. 5.16.6ō morte ipsā mortis tempus indignius!o time of death more cruel than death itself! Ep. 5.16.6iam dēstināta erat ēgregiō iuvenī, iam ēlēctus nūptiārum diēs, iam nōs vocātī.she was already engaged to an excellent young man, the wedding day already chosen, we already invited.

Ep. 5.16.6Quod gaudium quō maerōre mūtātum est!Into what grief has that joy been turned! Ep. 5.16.7Nōn possum exprimere verbīs quantum animō vulnus accēperim, cum audīvī Fundānum ipsum, ut multa lūctuōsa dolor invenit, praecipientem, quod in vestēs margarīta gemmās fuerat ērogātūrus, hoc in tūs et unguenta et odōrēs impenderētur.I cannot express in words how deep a wound I felt in my heart when I heard Fundanus himself — for grief invents many sorrowful things — giving instructions that what he had been going to spend on clothes, pearls and jewels should be spent on incense, ointments and perfumes. Ep. 5.16.8Est quidem ille ērudītus et sapiēns, ut quī sē ab ineunte aetāte altiōribus studiīs artibusque dēdiderit;He is, indeed, a learned and wise man, as one who has devoted himself from his earliest years to deeper studies and arts; Ep. 5.16.8sed nunc omnia, quae audiit saepe quae dīxit, aspernātur expulsīsque virtūtibus aliīs pietātis est tōtus.but now he scorns everything he has often heard and often said, and, all his other virtues driven out, he is wholly given over to his love as a father.

Ep. 5.16.9Ignōscēs, laudābis etiam, sī cōgitāveris quid āmīserit.You will forgive him, and even praise him, if you think what he has lost. Ep. 5.16.9Āmīsit enim fīliam, quae nōn minus mōrēs eius quam ōs vultumque referēbat, tōtumque patrem mīrā similitūdine exscrīpserat.For he has lost a daughter who resembled him no less in character than in face and expression, and had copied her whole father with a wonderful likeness. Ep. 5.16.10Proinde sī quās ad eum dē dolōre tam iūstō litterās mittēs, mementō adhibēre sōlācium nōn quasi castīgātōrium et nimis forte, sed molle et hūmānum.So if you send him any letter about a grief so just, remember to offer comfort that is not as it were reproving and too forceful, but gentle and kind. Ep. 5.16.10Quod ut facilius admittat, multum faciet mediī temporis spatium.An interval of time will do much to make him accept it more readily. Ep. 5.16.11Ut enim crūdum adhūc vulnus medentium manūs refōrmīdat, deinde patitur atque ultrō requīrit, sīc recēns animī dolor cōnsōlātiōnēs rēicit ac refugit, mox dēsīderat et clēmenter admōtīs acquiēscit.For just as a wound that is still raw shrinks from the hands of those treating it, then endures them and even seeks them out, so a fresh grief of the mind rejects and shuns consolations, but soon longs for them and finds rest in them when they are gently applied.

Ep. 5.16.11Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (219 words)
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
noster, -tra, -trumour
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
dēfungor, -fungī, -fūnctus sumfinish, be done with; dēfūnctus: dead
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
puella, -ae, f.girl, maiden
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
umquam, adv.ever
fēstīvus, -a, -umpleasant, agreeable; witty, lively; charming
amābilis, -elovable, lovely, delightful
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
modo, adv.only
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
vīta, -ae, f.life
sed, conj.but
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
immortālitās, -ātis f.immortality
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nōndum, adv.not yet
annus, -ī, m.year
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
iam, adv.now, already
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
anīlis, -eof an old woman
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
mātrōnālis, -eof a married woman, matronly
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
suāvitās, -ātis f.sweetness, pleasantness (odor suāvitātis: a pleasing smell)
puellāris, -egirlish, of a girl
cum, prep, with abl.with
virginālis, -emaidenly, of a girl
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
pater, patris, m.father
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
inhaereō, -ēre, -haesī, -haesuscling to, stick fast
nōsplur. of ego
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
amanter (adv.)lovingly, affectionately
modestē, adv.with restraint, in good order, calmly
complector, -plectī, -plexusembrace
nūtrīx, -īcis f.nurse
paedagōgus, -ī m.slave who escorted and looked after children, tutor
praeceptor, -ōris m.teacher, instructor
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
studiōsē (adv.)eagerly, carefully
intellegenter (adv.)intelligently, with understanding
lēctitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread often, read eagerly; read again and again
parcē (adv.)sparingly, frugally
custōdītē (adv.)carefully, with restraint
que, enclitic conj.and
lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsumplay; mock, deceive
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
temperantia, -ae f.self-control
patientia, -ae f.endurance, hardiness
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
novissimus, -a, -umlast (novissimum agmen: the rear)
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
medicus, -ī m.doctor
obsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sumcomply, give way (to: dat.)
soror, -ōris, f.sister
adhortor, -ārī, -ātus sumencourage, urge on
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dēstituō, -ere, -stituī, -stitūtumleave in the lurch, abandon
corpus, corporis, n.body
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
vigor, -ōris m.vigour, energy, liveliness
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
dūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharden, toughen
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
mors, mortīs, f.death
īnfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctusbreak, crush; weaken
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
dēsīderium, -ī, n.desire, longing
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
ō (interj.)O! oh!
plānē (adv.)clearly, plainly
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfasten, make fast
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
nūptiae, -ārum f. pl.wedding, marriage
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
maeror, -ōris m.grief, sorrow
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
verbum, -ī, n.word
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
lūctuōsus, -a, -ummournful, causing grief
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
margarītum, -ī n.pearl
gemma, -ae f.jewel, precious stone; bud
ērogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspay out, spend
tūs, tūris n.incense
unguentum, -ī, n.ointment
odor, -ōris, m.smell, odor
impendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusspend, devote (time, money, effort)
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
ērudītus, -a, -umlearned, educated, cultivated
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
aetās, -tātis, f.age
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
ars, artis, f.art
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
nunc, adv.now
omnis, -eall, every
saepe, adv.often, frequently
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
aspernor, -ārī, -ātus sumspurn, reject, scorn
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
sī, conj.if
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
enim, conj.for
minus, comp. adv.less
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
similitūdō, -inis f.likeness, resemblance
exscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuswrite out, copy
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
tam, adv.so
iūstus, -a, -umjust
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
meminī, meminisseremember
adhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold to, employ, show
sōlācium, -ī n.comfort, consolation
quasi, conj.as if
castīgātōrius, -a, -umreproving, rebuking
nimis (adv.)too much, too
fortis, -ebrave
mollis, -esoft, weak
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
facile, adv.easily
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
multum, -ī, n.much
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
crūdus, -a, -umraw; fresh, vigorous
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
medeor, -ērīheal, remedy (+ dat.)
manus, -ūs, f.hand
refōrmīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdread, shrink from
deinde, adv.then, next
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
sīc, adv.so, thus
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
cōnsōlātiō, -ōnis f.comfort, consolation, encouragement
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
refugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee back, run away, retreat
mox, adv.soon
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
clēmenter, adv.mildly, kindly, gently
admoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove up, bring near
acquiēscō, -ere, -quiēvīrest; find peace; die
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae V. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.