LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Pliny the Younger › Letters, Book 3 › Pliny, Letter 3.3

Pliny · Epistulae III

Pliny, Letter 3.3

Choosing a teacher for a boy

English onlyRead it word by word

Ep. 3.3.1Cum patrem tuum gravissimum et sānctissimum virum suspexerim magis an amāverim dubitem, tēque et in memoriam eius et in honōrem tuum ūnicē dīligam, cupiam necesse est atque etiam quantum in mē fuerit ēnītar, ut fīlius tuus avō similis exsistat;Since I am in doubt whether I looked up to your father, a man of the greatest dignity and integrity, more than I loved him, and since I am singularly fond of you, both for his memory and for your own honour, I must needs wish, and even strive as far as lies in me, that your son may turn out like his grandfather; Ep. 3.3.1equidem mālō māternō, quamquam illī paternus etiam clārus spectātusque contigerit, pater quoque et patruus illūstrī laude cōnspicuī.for my part I would rather it were his maternal grandfather, although he has been blessed with a paternal one too who was famous and of proven worth, and his father and uncle are also conspicuous for illustrious renown. Ep. 3.3.2Quibus omnibus ita dēmum similis adolēscet, sī imbūtus honestīs artibus fuerit, quās plūrimum rēfert ā quō potissimum accipiat.He will grow up like all of these only if he has been steeped in honourable studies, and it matters greatly from whom above all he receives them.

Ep. 3.3.3Adhūc illum pueritiae ratiō intrā contubernium tuum tenuit, praeceptōrēs domī habuit, ubi est errōribus modica vel etiam nūlla māteria.Until now the requirements of boyhood have kept him within your household, and he has had teachers at home, where there is little or even no occasion for going astray. Ep. 3.3.3Iam studia eius extrā līmen prōferenda sunt, iam circumspiciendus rhētor Latīnus, cuius scholae sevēritās pudor in prīmīs castitās cōnstet.Now his studies must be carried beyond the threshold, now we must look round for a Latin rhetorician whose school is marked by strictness, decency and, above all, purity. Ep. 3.3.4Adest enim adulēscentī nostrō cum cēterīs nātūrae fortūnaeque dōtibus eximia corporis pulchritūdō, cui in hōc lūbricō aetātis nōn praeceptor modo sed custōs etiam rēctorque quaerendus est.For our young man has, along with the other gifts of nature and fortune, exceptional beauty of body, and at this slippery time of life one must seek for him not only a teacher but also a guardian and guide. Ep. 3.3.5Videor ergō dēmōnstrāre tibi posse Iūlium Genitōrem.I think, then, that I can point out Julius Genitor to you.

Ep. 3.3.5Amātur ā mē;He is loved by me; Ep. 3.3.5iūdiciō tamen meō nōn obstat cāritās hominis, quae ex iūdiciō nāta est.yet my affection for the man, which was born from my judgement, does not stand in the way of my judgement. Ep. 3.3.5Vir est ēmendātus et gravis, paulō etiam horridior et dūrior, ut in hāc licentiā temporum.He is a man of blameless life and serious, even a little rough and stern for this licentious age. Ep. 3.3.6Quantum ēloquentia valeat, plūribus crēdere potes, nam dīcendī facultās aperta et exposita statim cernitur;How much he is worth in eloquence you may believe from many people, for the gift of speaking is open and exposed and is seen at once; Ep. 3.3.6vīta hominum altōs recessūs magnāsque latebrās habet, cuius prō Genitōre mē spōnsōrem accipe.but a man's life has deep recesses and great hiding-places, and for Genitor's life take me as guarantor. Ep. 3.3.6Nihil ex hōc virō fīlius tuus audiet nisi prōfutūrum, nihil discet quod nescīsse rēctius fuerit, nec minus saepe ab illō quam ā tē mēque admonēbitur, quibus imāginibus onerētur, quae nōmina et quanta sustineat.Your son will hear nothing from this man that will not profit him, will learn nothing that it would have been better not to know, and he will be reminded by him no less often than by you and me of the ancestral portraits that weigh upon him, of the names he has to uphold, and how great they are.

Ep. 3.3.7Proinde faventibus dīs trāde eum praeceptōrī, ā quō mōrēs prīmum mox ēloquentiam discat, quae male sine mōribus discitur.So, with the gods' favour, hand him over to a teacher from whom he may learn first morals, then eloquence, which is ill learned without morals. Ep. 3.3.7Valē.Farewell.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (175 words)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
pater, patris, m.father
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
vir, virī, m.man
suspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectuslook up (at); admire
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
an, conj.or (in questions)
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
que, enclitic conj.and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
memoria, -ae, f.memory
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
honor, -ōris, m.honor
ūnicē (adv.)singularly, above all
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
quantum, adv.how much? how?
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
ēnītor, -ī, -nīsus (-nīxus) sumstruggle upward; strive, exert oneself
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
fīlius, -ī, m.son
avus, -ī, m.grandfather
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
māternus, -a, -umof a mother, maternal
quamquam, conj.however much, although
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
spectātus, -a, -umtested, proved; admirable, distinguished
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
quoque, adv.also
patruus, -ī m.uncle (father's brother)
illūstris, -edistinguished, noble
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
cōnspicuus, -a, -umconspicuous, remarkable
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
omnis, -eall, every
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
dēmum, adv.at last
adolēscō, -ere, adolēvī, adultusgrow up
sī, conj.if
imbuō, -buere, -buī, -būtuswet, soak, dip
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
ars, artis, f.art
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
rēfert, rēferre, rētulit (impers.)it matters, it is of importance
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
pueritia, -ae, f.boyhood
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
intrā, prep. with acc.within
contubernium, -ī n.a company sharing a tent or table; in Mark 6.39 a group, a party (of diners)
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
praeceptor, -ōris m.teacher, instructor
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
error, -ōris m.wandering; mistake, error
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
velor; vel … vel: either … or
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
iam, adv.now, already
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
līmen, -minis, n.threshold; door
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
circumspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectuslook around; look around for, consider
rhētor, -oris m.teacher of rhetoric; orator
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
schola, -ae f.lecture hall, school; lecture
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
castitās, -ātis f.chastity, purity
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
enim, conj.for
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
noster, -tra, -trumour
cum, prep, with abl.with
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
dōs, dōtis f.dowry
eximius, -a, -umoutstanding, exceptional
corpus, corporis, n.body
pulchritūdō, -inis f.beauty
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
lūbricus, -a, -umslippery, smooth
aetās, -tātis, f.age
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
sed, conj.but
custōs, -ōdis m.guard
rēctor, -ōris m.ruler, guide, director
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
dēmōnstrō, -mōnstrāre, -mōnstrāvī, -mōnstrātuspoint out, show; make known
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
cāritās, -ātis f.dearness; love, affection
homō, hominis, m.man
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
ēmendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscorrect, make good, remove faults
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
horridus, -a, -umrough, wild, frightening
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
ēloquentia, -ae f.eloquence, skill in speaking
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
nam, conj.for
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
apertus, -a, -umopen
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
vīta, -ae, f.life
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
recessus, -ūs m.retreat, withdrawal; a way of retreat
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
latebra, -ae f.hiding place, lair
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
spōnsor, -ōris m.guarantor, surety
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
nisi, conj.if not, unless
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
discō, discere, didicīlearn
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
minus, comp. adv.less
saepe, adv.often, frequently
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
onerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusload, burden
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautum (+ dat.)favour, support
deus, -ī, m.god
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
mox, adv.soon
male, adv.badly, ill
sine, prep. with abl.without
Pliny, Epistulae III. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.