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Pliny · Epistulae II

Pliny, Letter 2.6

A mean and extravagant host

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Ep. 2.6.1Longum est altius repetere nec rēfert, quemadmodum acciderit, ut homō minimē familiāris cēnārem apud quendam, ut sibi vidēbātur, lautum et dīligentem, ut mihi, sordidum simul et sūmptuōsum.It would take long to go further back, and it does not matter, how it came about that I, hardly an intimate of his, was dining with a man who was, as he thought, elegant and careful, but, as I thought, mean and extravagant at the same time. Ep. 2.6.2Nam sibi et paucīs opīma quaedam, cēterīs vīlia et minūta pōnēbat.For he served certain rich dishes to himself and a few others, cheap scraps to the rest. Ep. 2.6.2Vīnum etiam parvolīs lagunculīs in tria genera discrīpserat, nōn ut potestās ēligendī, sed nē iūs esset recūsandī, aliud sibi et nōbīs, aliud minōribus amīcīs - nam gradātim amīcōs habet -, aliud suīs nostrīsque lībertīs.Even the wine he had divided, in tiny little flasks, into three kinds, not so that there might be the power of choosing, but so that there might be no right of refusing: one for himself and for us, another for his lesser friends – for he has his friends in grades –, another for his freedmen and ours.

Ep. 2.6.3Animadvertit quī mihi proximus recumbēbat, et an probārem interrogāvit.The man reclining next to me noticed, and asked whether I approved. Ep. 2.6.3Negāvī.I said no. Ep. 2.6.3"Tū ergō" inquit "quam cōnsuētūdinem sequeris?"'Then what practice do you follow?' he said. Ep. 2.6.3"Eadem omnibus pōnō;'I serve the same to everyone; Ep. 2.6.3ad cēnam enim, nōn ad notam invītō cūnctīsque rēbus exaequō, quōs mēnsā et torō aequāvī."for I invite people to dinner, not to be marked down, and in all things I treat as equals those whom I have made equal at my table and on my couch.' Ep. 2.6.4"Etiamnē lībertōs?"'Even freedmen?' Ep. 2.6.4"Etiam;'Even them; Ep. 2.6.4convīctōrēs enim tunc, nōn lībertōs putō."for at that time I regard them as fellow guests, not as freedmen.' Ep. 2.6.4Et ille: "Magnō tibi cōnstat."And he said: 'It costs you a great deal.' Ep. 2.6.4"Minimē."'Not at all.' Ep. 2.6.4"Quī fierī potest?"'How can that be?' Ep. 2.6.4"Quia scīlicet lībertī meī nōn idem quod ego bibunt, sed idem ego quod lībertī."'Because, of course, my freedmen do not drink what I drink, but I drink what my freedmen drink.' Ep. 2.6.5Et herculē sī gulae temperēs, nōn est onerōsum quō ūtāris ipse commūnicāre cum plūribus.And, by Hercules, if you restrain your gluttony, it is no burden to share with several others what you use yourself.

Ep. 2.6.5Illa ergō reprimenda, illa quasi in ōrdinem redigenda est, sī sūmptibus parcās, quibus aliquantō rēctius tuā continentiā quam aliēnā contumēliā cōnsulās.That, then, must be checked, that must be reduced, as it were, to the ranks, if you would be sparing of expense, for which you would provide far more properly by your own self-restraint than by insulting others. Ep. 2.6.6Quōrsus haec?Where is all this leading? Ep. 2.6.6nē tibi, optimae indolis iuvenī, quōrundam in mēnsā luxuria speciē frūgālitātis impōnat.To this: that the extravagance of certain people at table may not impose on you, a young man of the finest character, under the guise of thrift. Ep. 2.6.6Convenit autem amōrī in tē meō, quotiēns tāle aliquid inciderit, sub exemplō praemonēre, quid dēbeās fugere.It befits my love for you, whenever anything of the kind occurs, to warn you beforehand by an example of what you ought to avoid. Ep. 2.6.7Igitur mementō nihil magis esse vītandum quam istam luxuriae et sordium novam societātem;Remember, then, that nothing is more to be shunned than this novel alliance of extravagance and meanness; Ep. 2.6.7quae cum sint turpissima discrēta ac sēparāta, turpius iunguntur.for though these are most disgraceful when kept distinct and apart, they are more disgraceful joined together.

Ep. 2.6.7Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×5, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (158 words)
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
altē (adv.)high; deep
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
rēfert, rēferre, rētulit (impers.)it matters, it is of importance
quemadmodum (adv.)how, in what way; just as
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
homō, hominis, m.man
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
cēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdine
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
lautus, -a, -umelegant, sumptuous, fine; washed
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dīligēns, -entiscareful, attentive, conscientious
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
sordidus, -a, -umdirty; mean, base, of low status
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
sūmptuōsus, -a, -umcostly, lavish
nam, conj.for
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
opīmus, -a, -umrich; spolia opīma: the spoils taken by a commander who killed the enemy commander
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
vīlis, -echeap, worthless
minūtus, -a, -umsmall, tiny; petty
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
vīnum, -ī, n.wine
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
parvulus, -a, -umvery small, petty
laguncula, -ae f.small flask, little bottle
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
discrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptusdivide up, assign, allot
nōn, adv.not
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
sed, conj.but
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
recūsō, -cūsāre, -cūsāvī, -cūsātusgive a reason against, refuse
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
nōsplur. of ego
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
gradātim (adv.)step by step, by degrees
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
noster, -tra, -trumour
que, enclitic conj.and
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
recumbō, -cumbere, -cubuīlie back or down
an, conj.or (in questions)
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
omnis, -eall, every
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cēna, -ae, f.dinner
enim, conj.for
nota, -ae f.mark, sign; brand, stigma
invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusinvite
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
exaequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal, level
mēnsa, -ae f.table
torus, -ī m.cushion, mattress; couch
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
convīctor, -ōris m.companion at table, one who lives with another, close companion
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quia (conj.)because
scīlicet, adv.of course, naturally, evidently
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
bibō, bibere, bibīdrink
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
sī, conj.if
gula, -ae f.throat, gullet
temperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum (ab + abl.)refrain (from)
onerōsus, -a, -umheavy, weighty; burdensome, troublesome
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
commūnicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare; in the Gospels also: make common, make (ritually) unclean
cum, prep, with abl.with
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
reprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressumhold back, check
quasi, conj.as if
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
redigō, -ere, redēgī, redāctumbring back; reduce (to a condition)
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
continentia, -ae f.self-restraint, self-control
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
quōrsum (quōrsus) (adv.)to what end? where to?; quorsum haec?: what is the point of this?
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
bonus, -a, -umgood
indolēs, -is f.natural character, nature, spirit
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
luxuria, -ae f.luxury
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
frūgālitās, -ātis f.thrift, frugality, self-restraint
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
amor, -ōris, m.love
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
tālis, -esuch
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
praemoneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn beforehand, forewarn
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
igitur, conj.therefore
meminī, meminisseremember
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
vītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusavoid, escape
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
sordēs, -is f. (usu. pl.)dirt, squalor, shabbiness
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
turpis, -edisgraceful
discernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusseparate; distinguish, tell apart
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sēparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusseparate, divide
turpiter (adv.)shamefully, disgracefully
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae II. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.