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Pliny · Epistulae II

Pliny, Letter 2.5

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Ep. 2.5.1Āctiōnem et ā tē frequenter efflāgitātam, et ā mē saepe prōmissam, exhibuī tibi, nōndum tamen tōtam;The speech which you have often demanded and I have often promised, I have sent you, though not yet the whole of it; Ep. 2.5.1adhūc enim pars eius perpolītur.for part of it is still being polished. Ep. 2.5.2Interim quae absolūtiōra mihi vidēbantur, nōn fuit aliēnum iūdiciō tuō trādī.Meanwhile it seemed not out of place to submit to your judgement the parts which seemed to me more finished. Ep. 2.5.2Hīs tū rogō intentiōnem scrībentis accommodēs.To these, I ask you, give the close attention of a writer. Ep. 2.5.2Nihil enim adhūc inter manūs habuī, cui maiōrem sollicitūdinem praestāre dēbērem.For I have never yet had anything in hand on which I ought to bestow greater care. Ep. 2.5.3Nam in cēterīs āctiōnibus exīstimātiōnī hominum dīligentiā tantum et fidēs nostra, in hāc etiam pietās subiciētur.For in my other speeches only my diligence and good faith will be submitted to men's judgement; in this one my devotion to my country as well. Ep. 2.5.3Inde et liber crēvit, dum ōrnāre patriam et amplificāre gaudēmus, pariterque et dēfēnsiōnī eius servīmus et glōriae.Hence too the book has grown, as I delight in adorning and magnifying my native town, and serve at once both its defence and its glory.

Ep. 2.5.4Tū tamen haec ipsa quantum ratiō exēgerit resecā.Yet you must cut back even these passages as far as reason demands. Ep. 2.5.4Quotiēns enim ad fastīdium legentium dēliciāsque respiciō, intellegō nōbīs commendātiōnem et ex ipsā mediocritāte librī petendam.For whenever I consider the fastidiousness and delicate taste of readers, I understand that I must seek favour even from the very moderate length of the book. Ep. 2.5.5Īdem tamen quī ā tē hanc austēritātem exigō, cōgor id quod dīversum est postulāre, ut in plērīsque frontem remittās.Yet I who demand this severity of you am compelled to ask for the very opposite as well, that in many places you relax your brow. Ep. 2.5.5Sunt enim quaedam adulēscentium auribus danda, praesertim sī māteria nōn refrāgētur;For some things must be granted to the ears of young men, especially if the material does not resist; Ep. 2.5.5nam dēscrīptiōnēs locōrum, quae in hōc librō frequentiōrēs erunt, nōn historicē tantum sed prope poēticē prōsequī fās est.for descriptions of places, which will be rather frequent in this book, may properly be treated not only in the manner of history but almost in that of poetry.

Ep. 2.5.6Quod tamen sī quis exstiterit, quī putet nōs laetius fēcisse quam ōrātiōnis sevēritās exigat, huius - ut ita dīxerim - trīstitiam reliquae partēs āctiōnis exōrāre dēbēbunt.But if anyone should appear who thinks that I have written more exuberantly than the severity of oratory demands, the remaining parts of the speech will have to beg off his – if I may so call it – austerity. Ep. 2.5.7Adnīsī certē sumus, ut quamlibet dīversa genera lēctōrum per plūrēs dīcendī speciēs tenērēmus, ac sīcut verēmur, nē quibusdam pars aliqua secundum suam cuiusque nātūram nōn probētur, ita vidēmur posse cōnfīdere, ut ūniversitātem omnibus varietās ipsa commendet.Certainly I have striven to hold readers of the most varied kinds by means of several styles of speaking, and just as I fear that some part may fail to win the approval of certain readers, according to the nature of each, so I think I can be confident that the very variety will commend the whole to all. Ep. 2.5.8Nam et in ratiōne convīviōrum, quamvīs ā plērīsque cibīs singulī temperēmus, tōtam tamen cēnam laudāre omnēs solēmus, nec ea quae stomachus noster recūsat, adimunt grātiam illīs quibus capitur.For at dinners too, though each of us abstains from most dishes, we all usually praise the whole meal, and those things which our stomach refuses do not take away the charm of those by which it is captivated.

Ep. 2.5.9Atque haec ego sīc accipī volō, nōn tamquam assecūtum esse mē crēdam, sed tamquam assequī labōrāverim, fortasse nōn frūstrā, sī modo tū cūram tuam admōveris interim istīs, mox iīs quae sequuntur.And I want this to be taken, not as if I believed that I had achieved it, but as if I had laboured to achieve it, perhaps not in vain, if only you apply your care to these parts for now, and soon to those that follow. Ep. 2.5.10Dīcēs tē nōn posse satis dīligenter id facere, nisi prius tōtam āctiōnem cognōveris: fateor.You will say that you cannot do this carefully enough unless you have first come to know the whole speech: I admit it. Ep. 2.5.10In praesentiā tamen et ista tibi familiāriōra fīent, et quaedam ex hīs tālia erunt ut per partēs ēmendārī possint.For the present, however, these parts will become more familiar to you, and some of them will be such that they can be corrected piece by piece. Ep. 2.5.11Etenim, sī āvulsum statuae caput aut membrum aliquod īnspicerēs, nōn tū quidem ex illō possēs congruentiam aequālitātemque dēprendere, possēs tamen iūdicāre, an id ipsum satis ēlegāns esset;For if you were examining a head, or some limb, torn from a statue, you could not, it is true, make out from it the harmony and proportion of the whole, but you could still judge whether that piece itself was elegant enough; Ep. 2.5.12nec aliā ex causā prīncipiōrum librī circumferuntur, quam quia exīstimātur pars aliqua etiam sine cēterīs esse perfecta.and for no other reason are books of opening passages passed around than because it is thought that some part may be perfect even without the rest.

Ep. 2.5.13Longius mē prōvexit dulcēdō quaedam tēcum loquendī;A certain pleasure in talking with you has carried me on too far; Ep. 2.5.13sed iam fīnem faciam nē modum, quem etiam ōrātiōnī adhibendum putō, in epistulā excēdam.but now I shall make an end, so as not to exceed in a letter the limit which I think should be observed even in a speech. Ep. 2.5.13Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×5, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (222 words)
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
frequenter (adv.)often, frequently
efflāgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdemand urgently, call for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
saepe, adv.often, frequently
prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or put forth, promise
exhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusshow, display, present
nōndum, adv.not yet
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
enim, conj.for
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
perpoliō, -īre, -īvī, -ītuspolish thoroughly, put the finishing touches to
interim (adv.)meanwhile
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
absolūtus, -a, -umfinished, complete, perfect
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nōn, adv.not
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
intentiō, -ōnis f.close attention, concentration, effort
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
accommodō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfit, adjust, put on
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
manus, -ūs, f.hand
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
sollicitūdō, -tūdinis, f.anxiety, care, apprehension
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
nam, conj.for
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
exīstimātiō, -ōnis f.opinion, reputation
homō, hominis, m.man
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
noster, -tra, -trumour
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
inde (adv.)from there; then
liber, librī m.book; record
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusequip, adorn
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
amplificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumenlarge, increase
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
que, enclitic conj.and
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
glōria, -ae, f.glory
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quantum, adv.how much? how?
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
resecō, -āre, -secuī, -sectuscut back, cut off
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
fastīdium, -ī n.disdain, scorn, haughtiness; loathing, squeamishness; discomfort
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
dēliciae, -ārum f. pl.delights, luxuries, pleasures
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
nōsplur. of ego
commendātiō, -ōnis f.recommendation, backing
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
mediocritās, -ātis f.the middle course, moderation, the mean
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
austēritās, -ātis f.severity, sternness, strictness
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
auris, -is, f.ear
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
praesertim (adv.)especially
sī, conj.if
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
refrāgor, -ārī, -ātus sumoppose, vote against, work against
dēscrīptiō (discrīptiō), -ōnis f.marking out, arrangement, plan
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
historicē (adv.)in the manner of history, like a historian
sed, conj.but
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
poēticē (adv.)in the manner of a poet, poetically
prōsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow forward, follow
fās (indecl.) n.what is right by divine law (fās est: it is allowed)
quod, conj.that, in that, because
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
laetē (adv.)gladly, joyfully; luxuriantly
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
trīstitia, -ae, f.sadness
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
exōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswin over by asking, beg for, obtain by entreaty
adnītor, -nītī, -nīsus sumlean on; exert oneself, support (someone's cause)
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
quamlibet (adv.)as much as you like
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
lēctor, -ōris m.reader
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sīcut (conj.)just as
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
secundum (prep. + acc.)after, besides; along
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
ūniversitās, -ātis f.the whole, the entirety
omnis, -eall, every
varietās, -ātis f.variety; mottled color
commendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusentrust, commit; recommend
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
cibus, -ī, m.food
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
temperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum (ab + abl.)refrain (from)
cēna, -ae, f.dinner
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
stomachus, -ī m.gullet, windpipe; stomach
recūsō, -cūsāre, -cūsāvī, -cūsātusgive a reason against, refuse
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
sīc, adv.so, thus
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
volō, velle, voluīwish
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
assequor, -sequī, -secūtus sumovertake; attain, accomplish
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
frūstrā, adv.in vain
modo, adv.only
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
admoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove up, bring near
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
mox, adv.soon
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
nisi, conj.if not, unless
prius, adv.before, first
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
praesentia, -ae, f.the present
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
tālis, -esuch
ēmendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscorrect, make good, remove faults
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
āvellō, -ere, -vellī (-vulsī), -vulsustear away, wrench off
statua, -ae f.statue
caput, capitis, n.head
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook into or upon
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
congruentia, -ae f.harmony, proportion, consistency
aequālitās, -ātis f.equality, fairness, evenness
dēprendō, -prendere, -prendī, -prēnsusseize, catch; take by surprise
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
an, conj.or (in questions)
ēlegāns, -antisrefined, tasteful, elegant
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
circumferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry around
quia (conj.)because
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
sine, prep. with abl.without
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
longē, adv.far
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry forward
dulcēdō, -inis, f.sweetness
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
iam, adv.now, already
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
adhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold to, employ, show
epistula, -ae f.letter
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae II. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.