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Pliny · Epistulae II

Pliny, Letter 2.3

The orator Isaeus

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Ep. 2.3.1Magna Isaeum fāma praecesserat, maior inventus est.Great fame had gone before Isaeus, but he has been found greater still. Ep. 2.3.1Summa est facultās cōpia ūbertās;His readiness, his abundance, his richness are supreme; Ep. 2.3.1dīcit semper ex tempore, sed tamquam diū scrīpserit.he always speaks extempore, but as if he had long been writing. Ep. 2.3.1Sermō Graecus, immō Atticus;His language is Greek, or rather Attic; Ep. 2.3.1praefātiōnēs tersae gracilēs dulcēs, gravēs interdum et ērēctae.his introductions are polished, spare and charming, at times weighty and elevated. Ep. 2.3.2Poscit contrōversiās plūrēs;He asks for several themes for debate; Ep. 2.3.2ēlēctiōnem audītōribus permittit, saepe etiam partēs;he leaves the choice to his audience, often even the side to take; Ep. 2.3.2surgit amicītur incipit;he rises, arranges his robe, begins; Ep. 2.3.2statim omnia ac paene pariter ad manum, sēnsūs reconditī occursant, verba - sed quālia!at once everything is at hand, and almost all together; recondite ideas present themselves, and words – but what words! Ep. 2.3.2- quaesīta et exculta.– sought out and finely wrought. Ep. 2.3.2Multa lēctiō in subitīs, multa scrīptiō ēlūcet.Wide reading and much writing shine out in his improvisations.

Ep. 2.3.3Prohoemiātur aptē, narrat apertē, pugnat ācriter, colligit fortiter, ōrnat excelsē.He opens aptly, narrates clearly, argues keenly, sums up forcefully, embellishes loftily. Ep. 2.3.3Postrēmō docet dēlectat afficit;In short, he instructs, delights, moves; Ep. 2.3.3quid maximē, dubitēs.which he does most, you might doubt. Ep. 2.3.3Crēbra crēbrī syllogismī circumscrīptī, et effectī quod, stilō quoque assequī magnum est est.There are frequent enthymemes, frequent syllogisms, concise and complete, which is a great achievement even with the pen. Ep. 2.3.3Incrēdibilis memoria: repetit altius quae dīxit ex tempore, nē verbō quidem lābitur.His memory is incredible: he repeats from far back what he has said extempore, and does not slip by a single word. Ep. 2.3.4Ad tantam studiō et exercitātiōne pervēnit pervenit;He has reached so great a facility through study and practice; Ep. 2.3.4nam diēbus et noctibus nihil aliud agit nihil audit nihil loquitur.for day and night he does nothing else, hears nothing else, talks of nothing else. Ep. 2.3.5Annum sexāgēnsimum excessit et adhūc scholasticus tantum est: quō genere hominum nihil aut sincērius aut simplicius aut melius.He has passed his sixtieth year and is still only a man of the schools: and no class of men is more sincere, more simple or better.

Ep. 2.3.5Nōs enim, quī in forō vērīsque lītibus terimur, multum malitiae quamvīs nōlīmus addiscimus: schola et audītōrium et ficta causa rēs inermis innoxia est, nec minus fēlīx, senibus praesertim.For we who are worn down in the forum and in real lawsuits learn a good deal of malice, however unwillingly: the school, the lecture hall and the fictitious case are a thing unarmed and harmless, and no less happy, especially for old men. Ep. 2.3.6Nam quid in senectūte fēlīcius, quam quod dulcissimum est in iuventā?For what in old age is happier than what is sweetest in youth? Ep. 2.3.7Quārē ego Isaeum nōn disertissimum tantum, vērum etiam beātissimum iūdicō.So I judge Isaeus not only most eloquent but also most fortunate. Ep. 2.3.7Quem tū nisi cognōscere concupīscis, saxeus ferreusque es.If you do not long to make his acquaintance, you are made of stone and iron. Ep. 2.3.8Proinde sī nōn ob alia nōsque ipsōs, at certē ut hunc audiās venī.So, if not for other reasons and for my own sake, then certainly come in order to hear him. Ep. 2.3.8Numquamnē lēgistī, Gāditānum quendam Titī Līvī nōmine glōriāque commōtum ad vīsendum eum ab ultimō terrārum orbe vēnisse, statimque ut vīderat abīsse?Have you never read that a certain man of Gades, stirred by the name and glory of Titus Livius, came from the farthest edge of the world to see him, and as soon as he had seen him went away?

Ep. 2.3.8illitterātum iners ac paene etiam turpe est nōn, putāre tantī cognitiōnem quā nūlla est iūcundior nūlla, pulchrior nūlla, dēnique hūmānior humanior.It is tasteless, unlettered, indolent and even almost shameful not to think it worth so much to know a man, when no knowledge is more delightful, none finer, none, in short, more humane. Ep. 2.3.9Dīcēs: "Habeō hīc quōs legam nōn minus disertōs."You will say: 'I have writers here to read who are no less eloquent.' Ep. 2.3.9Etiam;Granted; Ep. 2.3.9sed legendī semper occāsiō est, audiendī nōn semper.but there is always an opportunity to read, not always to hear. Ep. 2.3.9Praetereā multō magis, ut vulgō dīcitur, vīva vōx afficit.Besides, as the common saying goes, the living voice moves us far more. Ep. 2.3.9Nam licet ācriōra sint quae legās, altius tamen in animō sedent, quae prōnūntiātiō vultus habitus gestus etiam dīcentis affīgit;For although what you read may be sharper, yet what the speaker's delivery, face, bearing and even gesture fix in the mind sits deeper there; Ep. 2.3.10nisi vērō falsum putāmus illud Aeschinis, quī cum lēgisset Rhodiīs ōrātiōnem Dēmosthenis admīrantibus cūnctīs, adiēcisse fertur: et erat, Aeschinēs sī Dēmosthenī crēdimus ἠκούσατε et erat Aeschines si Demostheni credimus λαμπροφωνότατος.unless indeed we think false that story of Aeschines, who, when he had read a speech of Demosthenes to the Rhodians and all admired it, is said to have added: 'And what if you had heard the beast himself?' And Aeschines, if we believe Demosthenes, had a most splendid voice.

Ep. 2.3.10Fatēbātur tamen longē melius eadem illa prōnūntiāsse ipsum quī pepererat.Yet he admitted that those same words had been delivered far better by the man himself who had given them birth. Ep. 2.3.11Quae omnia hūc tendunt, ut audiās Isaeum, vel ideō tantum ut audierīs.All this tends to one end, that you should hear Isaeus, even if only so that you may have heard him. Ep. 2.3.11Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3, ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (229 words)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
praecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo before; surpass
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
ūbertās, -ātis f.richness, fertility
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
semper, adv.always
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
sed, conj.but
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
Atticus, -a, -umAttic, Athenian; (m. pl. as noun) the Athenians
praefātiō, -ōnis f.preface, introductory remarks
tergeō, -ēre, tersī, tersuswipe, clean
gracilis, -eslender, thin, fine
dulcis, -esweet
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
interdum (adv.)sometimes
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
contrōversia, -ae, f.quarrel, dispute, debate
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
ēlēctiō, -ōnis f.choice, selection; vas ēlēctiōnis: chosen instrument
audītor, -ōris m.listener, hearer; pupil; reader
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
saepe, adv.often, frequently
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
amiciō, -icīre, -ixī/-icuī, -ictusthrow on, wrap, clothe
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
omnis, -eall, every
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
paene, adv.almost, nearly
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
manus, -ūs, f.hand
sēnsus, -ūs m.feeling, sensation; perception; sentiment
recondō, -ere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide, store
occursō, -āre, -āvīrun to meet, meet; present itself (to the eyes)
verbum, -ī, n.word
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
excolō, -ere, -coluī, -cultuscultivate, improve, refine
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
lēctiō, -ōnis f.a reading; reading aloud; a choosing, selection
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
subitus, -a, -umsudden
scrīptiō, -ōnis f.writing, practice in composition
ēlūceō, -ēre, -lūxīshine out, be conspicuous
prooemior, -ārīmake an introduction, open a speech
aptē (adv.)fitly, suitably
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
apertē (adv.)openly, plainly
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
fortiter, adv.bravely
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusequip, adorn
excelsē (adv.)loftily, in an elevated style
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
syllogismus, -ī m.syllogism, formal logical argument
circumscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptusdraw a line around; limit, confine
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
stilus, -ī m.stylus, pen (for writing on wax)
quoque, adv.also
assequor, -sequī, -secūtus sumovertake; attain, accomplish
incrēdibilis, eincredible
memoria, -ae, f.memory
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
altē (adv.)high; deep
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
exercitātiō, -ōnis, f.exercise
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
nam, conj.for
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
nox, noctis, f.night
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
annus, -ī, m.year
sexāgēsimus (sexāgēnsimus), -a, -umsixtieth
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
scholasticus, -a, -umof the schools (of rhetoric); (as noun) student or teacher of declamation
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
homō, hominis, m.man
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
sincērus, -a, -umpure, sound, chaste
simplex, -icissimple, unmixed, pure
bonus, -a, -umgood
nōsplur. of ego
enim, conj.for
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
que, enclitic conj.and
līs, lītis f.lawsuit, dispute; damages
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
malitia, -ae f.wickedness, malice
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
addiscō, -ere, -didicīlearn in addition, learn further
schola, -ae f.lecture hall, school; lecture
audītōrium, -ī n.audience hall, lecture room; audience
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
inermis, -eunarmed
innoxius, -a, -umharmless; innocent
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
minus, comp. adv.less
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
senex, senis, m.old man
praesertim (adv.)especially
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
iuventa, -ae f.youth, the time of youth
quārē (adv.)why; for which reason
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
nōn, adv.not
disertus, -a, -umeloquent, skilled in speaking
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nisi, conj.if not, unless
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
concupīscō, -cupīscere, -cupīvī, -cupītuslong for, covet
saxeus, -a, -umof stone, stony; saxea grandō: hailstones like stones
ferreus, -a, -umof iron, iron
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
sī, conj.if
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
at, conj.but
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
numquam, adv.never
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
Gāditānus, -a, -umof Gades
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
glōria, -ae, f.glory
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
vīsō, -ere, vīsī, vīsumgo to see, visit; look at
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
illitterātus, -a, -umuneducated, unlettered
iners, -ertissluggish, idle, unmanly
turpis, -edisgraceful
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
cognitiō, -ōnis f.learning, knowledge, study
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
occāsiō, -ōnis, f.chance, opportunity
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
prōnūntiātiō, -ōnis f.proclamation, announcement
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
gestus, -ūs m.gesture, movement, bearing
affīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxumfasten to
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
admīror, -mīrārī, -mīrātuswonder at, admire
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
longē, adv.far
bene, adv.well; successfully
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
prōnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusproclaim, announce
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
velor; vel … vel: either … or
ideō (adv.)for that reason, therefore
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae II. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.