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Pliny · Epistulae II

Pliny, Letter 2.19

Doubts about reciting a speech

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Ep. 2.19.1Hortāris ut ōrātiōnem amīcīs plūribus recitem.You urge me to recite my speech to a larger group of friends. Ep. 2.19.1Faciam quia hortāris, quamvīs vehementer addubitem.I shall do so because you urge it, although I have strong doubts. Ep. 2.19.2Neque enim mē praeterit āctiōnēs, quae recitantur, impetum omnem calōremque ac prope nōmen suum perdere, ut quās soleant commendāre simul et accendere iūdicum cōnsessus, celebritās advocātōrum, exspectātiō ēventūs, fāma nōn ūnīus āctōris, dīductumque in partēs audientium studium, ad hoc dīcentis gestus incessus, discursus etiam omnibusque mōtibus animī cōnsentāneus vigor corporis.For it does not escape me that speeches, when they are recited, lose all their force and warmth, and almost their very name, since what usually commends and at the same time kindles them is the bench of judges, the crowd of advocates, the suspense about the outcome, the reputation of more than one speaker, and the partisanship of the audience divided between the sides, besides the speaker's gestures, his stride, his moving about too, and a vigour of the body matching every emotion of the mind.

Ep. 2.19.3Unde accidit ut iī quī sedentēs agunt, quamvīs illīs maximā ex parte supersint eadem illa quae stantibus, tamen hōc quod sedent quasi dēbilitentur et dēprimantur.Hence it happens that those who plead seated, although they keep for the most part all the same advantages as those who stand, are nevertheless weakened, as it were, and depressed by the very fact that they sit. Ep. 2.19.4Recitantium vērō praecipua prōnūntiātiōnis adiūmenta, oculī manūs, praepediuntur.And those who recite are hampered in the chief aids of delivery, the eyes and the hands. Ep. 2.19.4Quō minus mīrum est, sī audītōrum intentiō relanguēscit, nūllīs extrīnsecus aut blandīmentīs capta aut aculeīs excitāta.So it is less surprising if the attention of listeners flags, when it is neither captured by any charms nor roused by any stings from outside. Ep. 2.19.5Accēdit hīs quod ōrātiō dē quā loquor pugnāx et quasi contentiōsa est.Add to this that the speech of which I am speaking is combative and, as it were, contentious. Ep. 2.19.5Porrō ita nātūrā comparātum est, ut ea quae scrīpsimus cum labōre, cum labōre etiam audīrī putēmus.Moreover, nature has so arranged it that we think what we have written with labour will also be listened to with labour.

Ep. 2.19.6Et sānē quotus quisque tam rēctus audītor, quem nōn potius dulcia haec et sonantia quam austēra et pressa dēlectent?And indeed how few listeners are so upright that they are not delighted rather by these sweet and sonorous things than by what is austere and compressed? Ep. 2.19.6Est quidem omnīnō turpis ista discordia, est tamen, quia plērumque ēvenit ut aliud audītōrēs aliud iūdicēs exigant, cum aliōquī iīs praecipuē audītor afficī dēbeat, quibus īdem sī foret iūdex, maximē permovērētur.This discord is altogether shameful, but it exists, since it generally happens that listeners demand one thing and judges another, although otherwise a listener ought to be affected most by those things by which, if he were a judge, he would be most moved. Ep. 2.19.7Potest tamen fierī ut quamquam in hīs difficultātibus librō istī novitās lēnōcinētur, novitās apud nostrōs;It may happen, however, that in spite of these difficulties novelty may recommend this book – novelty among our countrymen; Ep. 2.19.7apud Graecōs enim est quiddam quamvīs ex dīversō, nōn tamen omnīnō dissimile.for among the Greeks there is something, though from a different direction, still not altogether unlike it. Ep. 2.19.8Nam ut illīs erat mōris, lēgēs quās ut contrāriās priōribus lēgibus arguēbant, aliārum collātiōne convincere, ita nōbīs īnesse repetundārum lēgī quod postulārēmus, cum hāc ipsā lēge tum aliīs colligendum fuit;For just as it was their custom to refute laws, which they charged as contrary to earlier laws, by comparison with others, so I had to establish that what we were demanding was contained in the law on extortion, both from that law itself and from others; Ep. 2.19.8quod nēquāquam blandum auribus imperītōrum, tantō maiōrem apud doctōs habēre grātiam dēbet, quantō minōrem apud indoctōs habet.and this, though not at all pleasing to the ears of the unskilled, ought to find all the more favour among the learned, the less it finds among the unlearned.

Ep. 2.19.9Nōs autem sī placuerit recitāre adhibitūrī sumus ērudītissimum quemque.If I decide to recite, I shall invite all the most learned people. Ep. 2.19.9Sed plānē adhūc an sit recitandum exāminā tēcum, omnēsque quōs ego mōvī in utrāque parte calculōs pōne, idque ēlige in quō vīcerit ratiō.But examine carefully with yourself whether I should recite at all, and set out all the counters I have moved on either side, and choose the side on which reason has won. Ep. 2.19.9Ā tē enim ratiō exigētur, nōs excūsābit obsequium.For reason will be required of you; my compliance will excuse me. Ep. 2.19.9Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (195 words)
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread aloud
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quia (conj.)because
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
vehementer, adv.violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly
addubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin to doubt, hesitate, be uncertain
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
omnis, -eall, every
calor, -ōris, m.heat
que, enclitic conj.and
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
commendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusentrust, commit; recommend
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
celebritās, -ātis f.crowd; fame, renown
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
exspectātiō, -ōnis f.waiting, expectation
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
nōn, adv.not
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
āctor, -ōris m.a driver (of cattle), herdsman; agent, manager; doer
dīdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumspread out, divide
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
incessus, -ūs m.walk, gait
discursus, -ūs m.running about; a darting movement
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
cōnsentāneus, -a, -umconsistent, in agreement (with), fitting
vigor, -ōris m.vigour, energy, liveliness
corpus, corporis, n.body
unde, adv.whence
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
quod, conj.that, in that, because
quasi, conj.as if
dēbilitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweaken, cripple, unnerve
dēprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressumpress down, sink; depressus: sunk below ground
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
praecipuus, -a, -umspecial, particular, outstanding
prōnūntiātiō, -ōnis f.proclamation, announcement
adiūmentum, -ī n.help, aid, support
oculus, -ī, m.eye
manus, -ūs, f.hand
praepediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusshackle, hamper, hinder
minus, comp. adv.less
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sī, conj.if
intentiō, -ōnis f.close attention, concentration, effort
relanguēscō, -ere, -languīgrow weak, slacken
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
extrīnsecus (adv.)from outside, outwardly
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
blandīmentum, -ī n.flattery, charm, allurement; (pl.) delicacies, seasonings
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
aculeus, -ī m.sting, prick; barb, sting (of words)
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
pugnāx, -ācisfond of fighting, warlike, combative; obstinate
contentiōsus, -a, -umcombative, contentious, argumentative
porrō (adv.)further on; moreover
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
cum, prep, with abl.with
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
quotus, -a, -umwhich in number, how many; quotus quisque: how few, scarcely anyone
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
tam, adv.so
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
audītor, -ōris m.listener, hearer; pupil; reader
potius (adv.)rather
dulcis, -esweet
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
austērus, -a, -umsevere, stern, strict; harsh
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
turpis, -edisgraceful
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
aliōquī (adv.)otherwise; in other respects
praecipuē, adv.especially
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
permoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtummove deeply, influence
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
quamquam, conj.however much, although
difficultas, -tātis, f.difficulty
liber, librī m.book; record
novitās, -tātis, f.newness, novelty
lēnōcinor, -ārī, -ātus sumpander to; make attractive, enhance; flatter
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
noster, -tra, -trumour
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
dissimilis, -eunlike, different
nam, conj.for
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
lēx, lēgis f.law
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
collātiō, -ōnis f.bringing together; comparison
convincō, -ere, -vīcī, -victumprove guilty, expose
nōsplur. of ego
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
tum, adv.then, at that time
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
nēquāquam (adv.)by no means, not at all
blandus, -a, -umcoaxing, caressing, charming
auris, -is, f.ear
imperītus, -a, -uminexperienced, unskilled, ignorant
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
indoctus, -a, -umuntaught, ignorant
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
adhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold to, employ, show
ērudītus, -a, -umlearned, educated, cultivated
sed, conj.but
plānē (adv.)clearly, plainly
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
an, conj.or (in questions)
exāminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumweigh, test
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
calculus, -ī m.pebble, stone; counter (for reckoning or voting); ad calculos vocare: reckon up exactly
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
excūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusexcuse, make excuses for
obsequium, -ī n.compliance, obedience; service (to a god): obsequium praestāre Deō
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae II. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.