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Pliny · Epistulae II

Pliny, Letter 2.20

Regulus the legacy-hunter

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Ep. 2.20.1Assem parā et accipe auream fābulam, fābulās immō;Get a penny ready and hear a golden tale – or rather tales; Ep. 2.20.1nam mē priōrum nova admonuit, nec rēfert ā quā potissimum incipiam.for the new one has reminded me of earlier ones, and it does not matter which I begin with. Ep. 2.20.2Verānia Pīsōnis graviter iacēbat, huius dīcō Pīsōnis, quem Galba adoptāvit.Verania, the wife of Piso, lay seriously ill – I mean the Piso whom Galba adopted. Ep. 2.20.2Ad hanc Rēgulus vēnit.Regulus came to her. Ep. 2.20.2Prīmum impudentiam hominis, quī vēnerit ad aegram, cuius marītō inimīcissimus, ipsī invīsissimus fuerat!First, the shamelessness of the man, to come to a sick woman when he had been the bitterest enemy of her husband and most hateful to her! Ep. 2.20.3Estō, sī vēnit tantum;Let that pass, if he had only come; Ep. 2.20.3at ille etiam proximus torō sēdit, quō diē quā hōrā nāta esset interrogāvit.but he even sat close to her bed and asked on what day, at what hour she had been born. Ep. 2.20.3Ubi audiit, compōnit vultum intendit oculōs movet labra, agitat digitōs computat.When he heard, he composes his face, fixes his eyes, moves his lips, works his fingers, calculates.

Ep. 2.20.3Nihil.Nothing. Ep. 2.20.3Ut diū miseram exspectātiōne suspendit, "habēs" inquit "clīmactērium tempus sed ēvādēs.When he had kept the poor woman long in suspense, he said: 'You are in a critical period, but you will come through. Ep. 2.20.4Quod ut tibi magis liqueat, haruspicem cōnsulam, quem sum frequenter expertus."To make this clearer to you, I will consult a soothsayer whom I have often tested.' Ep. 2.20.5Nec mora, sacrificium facit, affirmat exta cum sīderum significātiōne congruere.Without delay he makes a sacrifice and declares that the entrails agree with the indication of the stars. Ep. 2.20.5Illa ut in perīculō crēdula poscit cōdicillōs, lēgātum Rēgulō scrībit.She, credulous as people are in danger, calls for her codicils and writes a legacy to Regulus. Ep. 2.20.5Mox ingravēscit, clāmat moriēns hominem nēquam perfidum ac plūs etiam quam periūrum, quī sibi per salūtem fīliī pēierāsset.Soon she grows worse, and dying she cries out that he is a wicked, treacherous man, worse even than a perjurer, who had sworn falsely to her by his son's life. Ep. 2.20.6Facit hoc Rēgulus nōn minus scelerātē quam frequenter, quod īram deōrum, quōs ipse cōtīdiē fallit, in caput īnfēlīcis puerī dētestātur.Regulus does this no less wickedly than often, calling down the anger of the gods, whom he himself deceives every day, on the head of his unhappy boy.

Ep. 2.20.7Velleius Blaesus ille locuplēs cōnsulāris novissimā valētūdine cōnflīctābātur: cupiēbat mūtāre testāmentum.Velleius Blaesus, the well-known rich ex-consul, was struggling with his last illness: he wanted to change his will. Ep. 2.20.7Rēgulus quī spērāret aliquid ex novīs tabulīs, quia nūper captāre eum coeperat, medicōs hortārī rogāre, quōquō modō spīritum hominī prōrogārent.Regulus, who hoped for something from the new will because he had lately begun to court him, kept urging and begging the doctors to prolong the man's breath somehow or other. Ep. 2.20.8Postquam signātum est testāmentum, mūtat persōnam, vertit allocūtiōnem īsdemque medicīs: "Quoūsque miserum cruciātis?After the will was sealed, he changes his part, turns his address round, and says to the same doctors: 'How long will you torture the poor man? Ep. 2.20.8quid invidētis bonā morte, cui dare vītam nōn potestis?"why do you begrudge a good death to one to whom you cannot give life?' Ep. 2.20.8Moritur Blaesus et, tamquam omnia audīsset, Rēgulō nē tantulum quidem.Blaesus dies and, as though he had heard everything, leaves Regulus not even a trifle. Ep. 2.20.9Sufficiunt duae fābulae, an scholasticā lēge tertiam poscis?Are two tales enough, or by the rule of the schools do you demand a third?

Ep. 2.20.9est unde fīat.there is material for one. Ep. 2.20.10Aurēlia ōrnāta fēmina signātūra testāmentum sūmpserat pulcherrimās tunicās.Aurelia, a woman of distinction, about to seal her will, had put on her most beautiful tunics. Ep. 2.20.10Rēgulus cum vēnisset ad signandum, "Rogō" inquit "hās mihi lēgēs."When Regulus had come to witness the sealing, he said: 'I ask you to leave these to me.' Ep. 2.20.11Aurēlia lūdere hominem putābat, ille sēriō īnstābat;Aurelia thought the man was joking, but he pressed in earnest; Ep. 2.20.11nē multa, coēgit mulierem aperīre tabulās ac sibi tunicās quās erat indūta lēgāre;in short, he forced the woman to open the will and to leave him the tunics she had on; Ep. 2.20.11observāvit scrībentem, īnspēxit an scrīpsisset.he watched her writing, and looked to see whether she had written it. Ep. 2.20.11Et Aurēlia quidem vīvit, ille tamen istud tamquam moritūram coēgit.And Aurelia indeed is alive, yet he forced this on her as though she were about to die. Ep. 2.20.11Et hic hērēditātēs, hic lēgāta quasi mereātur accipit.And this man takes inheritances, takes legacies, as if he deserved them.

Ep. 2.20.12in eā cīvitāte in quā iam, prīdem nōn minōra praemia immō maiōra nēquitia, et improbitās quam pudor et virtūs habent et virtus habent?But why do I exert myself in a state in which wickedness and dishonesty have long had rewards no smaller, indeed greater, than modesty and virtue? Ep. 2.20.13Aspice Rēgulum, quī ex paupere et tenuī ad tantās opēs per flāgitia prōcessit, ut ipse mihi dīxerit, cum cōnsuleret quam citō sēstertium sescentiēns implētūrus esset, invēnisse sē exta duplicia, quibus portendī mīliēns et ducentiēns habitūrum.Look at Regulus, who from being poor and humble has advanced through his crimes to such wealth that he told me himself, when he was consulting the omens on how soon he would make up sixty million sesterces, that he had found double entrails, by which it was portended that he would have a hundred and twenty million. Ep. 2.20.14Et habēbit, sī modo ut coepit, aliēna testāmenta, quod est improbissimum genus falsī, ipsīs quōrum sunt illa dictāverit.And he will have it, if only, as he has begun, he goes on dictating other people's wills to the very people whose wills they are, which is the most wicked kind of fraud.

Ep. 2.20.14Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (230 words)
as, assis m.an as, a copper coin of small value; ūnīus assis aestimāre: to value at a penny
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
fābula, -ae, f.story
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
nam, conj.for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
rēfert, rēferre, rētulit (impers.)it matters, it is of importance
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
adoptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusadopt; choose, take for oneself
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
impudentia, -ae f.shamelessness, effrontery
homō, hominis, m.man
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
marītus, -ī, m.husband
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sī, conj.if
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
at, conj.but
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
torus, -ī m.cushion, mattress; couch
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
hōra, -ae, f.hour
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
oculus, -ī, m.eye
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
labrum, -ī n.lip
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
digitus, -ī m.finger (digitus pollex: thumb)
computō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount up, reckon, calculate
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
exspectātiō, -ōnis f.waiting, expectation
suspendō, -pendere, -pendī, -pēnsushang up, hang
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
clīmactērius (clīmactēricus), -a, -umcritical, of a dangerous turning point in life
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
sed, conj.but
ēvādō, -vādere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo forth, get away, escape
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
liqueō, -ēre, licuībe clear; parum liquet, it is not clear
haruspex, -icis m.soothsayer who read the will of the gods from the entrails of sacrifices
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
frequenter (adv.)often, frequently
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
mora, -ae, f.delay
sacrificium, -ī, n.sacrifice
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
exta, -ōrum n. pl.entrails (heart, liver, lungs) of a sacrificed animal
cum, prep, with abl.with
sīdus, -eris n.star, constellation
significātiō, -ōnis f.signal
congruō, -ere, -uīagree, fit, coincide
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
crēdulus, -a, -umtrusting, credulous, too ready to believe
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
cōdicillī, -ōrum m. pl.writing tablets; a note, short letter
lēgātum, -ī n.legacy, bequest
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
mox, adv.soon
ingravēscō, -eregrow heavier; grow worse
clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout, cry out; proclaim
morior, morī, mortuusdie
nēquam (indecl.), comp. nēquior, sup. nēquissimusworthless, good-for-nothing
perfidus, -a, -umfaithless, treacherous
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
plūs (adv.)more
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
periūrus, -a, -umperjured, oath-breaking, lying
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
fīlius, -ī, m.son
pēierō (periūrō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear falsely, commit perjury
nōn, adv.not
minus, comp. adv.less
scelerātē (adv.)wickedly, criminally
quod, conj.that, in that, because
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
deus, -ī, m.god
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
caput, capitis, n.head
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj.unhappy, unfortunate
puer, puerī, m.boy
dētestor, -ārī, -ātus sumcall down curses on, curse
locuplēs, -ētisrich, wealthy
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
novissimus, -a, -umlast (novissimum agmen: the rear)
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
cōnflīctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrike together; passive: be hard pressed, struggle
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
testāmentum, -ī n.will (testament)
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
tabula, -ae f.tablet, written list
quia (conj.)because
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
captō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry to catch, grasp at, aim at
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
medicus, -ī m.doctor
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
spīritus, -ūs m.breath; (pl.) pride, arrogance
prōrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprolong, extend (a command, office); put off, defer
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
signō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, seal; certify
persōna, -ae f.mask; character, role; personal standing
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
allocūtiō (adlocūtiō), -ōnis f.address, way of speaking to someone
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
que, enclitic conj.and
quoūsque (adv.)how long? until when?
cruciō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustorture, torment
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
invideō, -ēre, invīdī, invīsum (+ dat.)envy, be jealous of
bonus, -a, -umgood
mors, mortīs, f.death
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
vīta, -ae, f.life
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
omnis, -eall, every
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
tantulus, -a, -umso small
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
an, conj.or (in questions)
scholasticus, -a, -umof the schools (of rhetoric); (as noun) student or teacher of declamation
lēx, lēgis f.law
tertius, -a, -umthird
unde, adv.whence
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusequip, adorn
fēmina, -ae, f.woman
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
tunica, -ae f.tunic
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
lēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbequeath, leave by will; send as an envoy
lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsumplay; mock, deceive
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
sēriō (adv.)seriously, in earnest
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tusopen
induō, induere, induī, indūtusput on; clothe
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook into or upon
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
hērēditās, -ātis f.inheritance
quasi, conj.as if
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
iam, adv.now, already
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
praemium, -ī, n.reward
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
nēquitia, -ae f.worthlessness, slackness
improbitās, -ātis f.wickedness, dishonesty
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
pauper, -erispoor; as a noun, a poor person
tenuis, -ethin
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
flāgitium, -ī n.shameful act, disgrace, outrage
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
sēstertius, -ī m. (gen. pl. often sēstertium)a sesterce, a small silver (later brass) coin
sescentiēns (sescentiēs) (adv.)six hundred times; sēstertium sescentiēns: sixty million sesterces
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
duplex, -icisdouble
portendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentuspoint out beforehand, foretell, portend
mīliēns (adv.)a thousand times; (with sēstertium) a hundred million sesterces
ducentiēns (adv.)two hundred times; sēstertium ducentiēns: twenty million sesterces
modo, adv.only
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
dictō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay repeatedly; dictate
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae II. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.