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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.9

Terentilius attacks the consular power

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Liv. 3.9.1Sīc rēs Rōmāna in antīquum statum rediit, secundaeque bellī rēs extemplō urbānōs mōtūs excitāvērunt.Thus the Roman state returned to its former condition, and success in war at once stirred up disturbances in the city. Liv. 3.9.1C. Terentilius Harsa tribūnus plēbis eō annō fuit.Gaius Terentilius Harsa was tribune of the plebs that year. Liv. 3.9.2Is cōnsulibus absentibus ratus locum tribūniciīs āctiōnibus datum, per aliquot diēs patrum superbiam ad plēbem crīminātus, maximē in cōnsulāre imperium tamquam nimium nec tolerābile līberae cīvitātī invehēbātur.Thinking that with the consuls absent an opportunity had been given for tribunician agitation, he spent several days denouncing the arrogance of the patricians before the plebs, and above all inveighed against the consular power as excessive and intolerable for a free state. Liv. 3.9.2Nōmine enim tantum minus invidiōsum, rē ipsā prope atrōcius quam rēgium esse;In name, he said, it was merely less odious, but in reality almost harsher than that of the kings; Liv. 3.9.4quippe duōs prō ūnō dominōs acceptōs immoderātā, īnfīnītā potestāte, quī, solūtī atque effrēnātī ipsī, omnīs metūs lēgum omniaque supplicia verterent in plēbem.for they had taken two masters instead of one, with unrestrained, unlimited power, who, being themselves free and unbridled, turned all the terrors of the laws and all punishments against the plebs.

Liv. 3.9.5Quae nē aeterna illīs licentia sit, lēgem sē prōmulgātūrum, ut quīnque virī creentur lēgibus dē imperiō cōnsulārī scrībendīs: quod populus in sē iūs dederit, eō cōnsulem ūsūrum;So that this licence should not be theirs for ever, he would propose a law that five men should be appointed to draw up laws on the consular power: whatever right the people had granted the consul over them, that the consul should use; Liv. 3.9.5nōn ipsōs libīdinem ac licentiam suam prō lēge habitūrōs.they should not treat their own caprice and licence as law. Liv. 3.9.6Quā prōmulgātā lēge cum timērent patrēs, nē absentibus cōnsulibus iugum acciperent, senātus ā praefectō urbis Q. Fabiō vocātur, quī adeō atrōciter in rogātiōnem lātōremque ipsum est invectus, ut nihil, sī ambō cōnsulēs īnfestī circumstārent tribūnum, relictum minārum atque terrōris sit: īnsidiātum eum et tempore captō adortum rem pūblicam.When this law had been proposed, since the senators feared that they would accept the yoke while the consuls were away, the senate was summoned by the prefect of the city, Quintus Fabius, who inveighed so fiercely against the bill and its proposer himself that, even if both consuls had stood round the tribune in hostility, nothing in the way of threats and intimidation would have been left out: he had lain in wait, he said, and, seizing his moment, attacked the state.

Liv. 3.9.8Sī quem similem eius priōre annō inter morbum bellumque īrātī Diī tribūnum dedissent, nōn potuisse sistī.If the angry gods had given them any tribune like him the year before, amid the disease and the war, he could not have been stopped. Liv. 3.9.8Mortuīs duōbus cōnsulibus, iacente aegrā cīvitāte, in conluuiōne omnium rērum ad tollendum reī pūblicae cōnsulāre imperium lātūrum lēgēs fuisse, ducem Volscīs Aequīsque ad oppugnandam urbem futūrum.With both consuls dead and the state lying sick, in the confusion of everything he would have proposed laws to abolish the consular power from the state, and would have become the leader of the Volscians and Aequi in attacking the city. Liv. 3.9.9Quid tandem?What then? Liv. 3.9.9Illī nōn licēre, sī quid cōnsulēs superbē in aliquem cīvium aut crūdēliter fēcerint, diem dīcere, accūsāre iīs ipsīs iūdicibus, quōrum in aliquem saevītum sit?Was he not permitted, if the consuls had done anything arrogantly or cruelly against any citizen, to bring them to trial, to accuse them before those very judges against one of whom the cruelty had been committed? Liv. 3.9.10Nōn illum cōnsulāre imperium, sed tribūniciam potestātem invīsam intolerandamque facere, quam plācātam reconciliātamque patribus dē integrō in antīqua redigī mala.It was not the consular power, but the tribunician power that he was making hateful and intolerable, which, after being appeased and reconciled with the patricians, was now being brought back afresh to its old evils.

Liv. 3.9.10Neque illum sē dēprecārī, quō minus pergat, ut coeperit;Nor would he beg him to refrain from going on as he had begun; Liv. 3.9.10"vōs" inquit Fabius, "cēterī tribūnī, ōrāmus, ut prīmum omnium cōgitētis potestātem istam ad singulōrum auxilium, nōn ad perniciem ūniversōrum comparātam esse: tribūnōs plēbis vōs creātōs, nōn hostēs patribus.'You,' said Fabius, 'the other tribunes, we beg first of all to reflect that this power of yours was established for the help of individuals, not for the ruin of all: you were created tribunes of the plebs, not enemies of the patricians. Liv. 3.9.12Nōbīs miserum, invidiōsum vōbīs est dēsertam rem pūblicam invādī.For us it is wretched, for you it brings odium, that the state should be attacked when it is defenceless. Liv. 3.9.12Nōn iūs vestrum, sed invidiam minueritis.You will lessen not your rights but the odium against you. Liv. 3.9.12Agite cum collēgā, ut rem integram in adventum cōnsulum differat.Prevail on your colleague to postpone the matter, untouched, until the consuls arrive. Liv. 3.9.12Nē Aequī quidem ac Volscī morbō absūmptīs priōre annō cōnsulibus crūdēlī superbōque nōbīs bellō īnstitēre."Not even the Aequi and Volscians, when our consuls had been carried off by disease the year before, pressed upon us with cruel and arrogant war.' Liv. 3.9.13Agunt cum Terentiliō tribūnī, dīlātāque in speciem āctiōne, rē ipsā sublātā cōnsulēs extemplō arcessītī.The tribunes prevailed on Terentilius, and with the proceedings postponed in appearance but in reality dropped, the consuls were at once summoned.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×9, indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×3, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (191 words)
sīc, adv.so, thus
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
antīquus, -a, -umancient
status, -ūs m.condition, state
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
que, enclitic conj.and
bellum, -ī, n.war
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
annus, -ī, m.year
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
pater, patris, m.father
superbia, -ae f.pride, arrogance
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
nimium (adv.)too, too much
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tolerābilis, -ebearable, tolerable
līber, lībera, līberumfree
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
enim, conj.for
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
minus, comp. adv.less
invidiōsus, -a, -umarousing ill-will, odious
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
immoderātus, -a, -umwithout limit, unrestrained, excessive
īnfīnītus, -a, -umboundless, countless
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
effrēnātus, -a, -umunbridled, unrestrained
omnis, -eall, every
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
lēx, lēgis f.law
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
aeternus, -a, -umeverlasting, eternal
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
prōmulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspublish, propose (a law)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quīnquefive
vir, virī, m.man
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
populus, -ī m.people, nation
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
nōn, adv.not
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
senātus, -ūs m.senate
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
urbs, urbis, f.city
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
atrōciter (adv.)savagely, cruelly; harshly
rogātiō, -ōnis f.proposed law, bill (put to the people)
lātor, -ōris m.proposer (of a law)
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
sī, conj.if
ambō, -ae, -ōboth
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
circumstō, -stāre, -stetīstand around
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
īnsidior, -ārī, -ātus sumlie in wait, lay an ambush
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
īrātus, -a, -umangered, enraged, angry, furious
deus, -ī, m.god
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sistō, -ere, stitī, statusstop, halt; set up
morior, morī, mortuusdie
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
colluviō (conluviō), -ōnis f.filthy mixture, jumble; confusion
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
superbē (adv.)proudly, arrogantly
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
crūdēliter (adv.)cruelly
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
sed, conj.but
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
intolerandus, -a, -umunbearable, intolerable
plācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscalm, appease
reconciliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring back, win back; reconcile
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
redigō, -ere, redēgī, redāctumbring back; reduce (to a condition)
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
dēprecor, -ārī, -ātus sumbeg to be spared, plead
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
vōsplur. of tū
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
perniciēs, -ēī f.ruin, destruction
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
nōsplur. of ego
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
vester, -tra, -trumyour
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtumlessen, reduce
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cum, prep, with abl.with
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
absūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake away, consume, destroy
crūdēlis, -ecruel
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.