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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.10

Prodigies and a disputed levy

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Liv. 3.10.1Lucrētius cum ingentī praedā, maiōre multō glōriā rediit.Lucretius returned with enormous plunder and much greater glory. Liv. 3.10.1Et auget glōriam adveniēns expositā omnī in campō Mārtiō praedā, ut suum quisque per trīduum cognitum abdūceret.And on his arrival he increased his glory by setting out all the plunder on the Campus Martius, so that for three days each man might recognise and take away his own. Liv. 3.10.1Reliqua vēndita, quibus dominī nōn extitēre.The rest, for which no owners came forward, was sold. Liv. 3.10.2Dēbēbātur omnium cōnsēnsū cōnsulī triumphus, sed dīlāta rēs est tribūnō dē lēge agente;A triumph was owed to the consul by universal consent, but the matter was put off while the tribune was pressing his law; Liv. 3.10.2id antīquius cōnsulī fuit.that was of greater importance to the consul. Liv. 3.10.3Iactāta per aliquot diēs cum in senātū rēs, tum apud populum est.For several days the matter was debated both in the senate and before the people. Liv. 3.10.4Cessit ad ultimum maiestātī cōnsulis tribūnus et dēstitit.At last the tribune gave way to the majesty of the consul and desisted.

Liv. 3.10.4Tum imperātōrī exercituīque honōs suus redditus;Then the commander and the army were given their due honour; Liv. 3.10.4triumphāvit dē Volscīs Aequīsque, triumphantem secūtae suae legiōnēs.he triumphed over the Volscians and Aequi, and his own legions followed him in his triumph. Liv. 3.10.4Alterī cōnsulī datum, ut ovāns sine mīlitibus urbem inīret.The other consul was granted the right to enter the city in an ovation without his soldiers. Liv. 3.10.5Annō deinde īnsequentī lēx Terentilia ab tōtō relāta collēgiō novōs adgressa cōnsulēs est;Then, the following year, the Terentilian law, brought forward by the whole college, assailed the new consuls; Liv. 3.10.6erant cōnsulēs P. Volumnius, Ser. Sulpicius.the consuls were Publius Volumnius and Servius Sulpicius. Liv. 3.10.6Eō annō caelum ārdēre vīsum, terra ingentī concussa mōtū est.That year the sky was seen to blaze, and the earth was shaken by a huge earthquake. Liv. 3.10.6Bovem locūtam, cui reī priōre annō fidēs nōn fuerat, crēditum.That an ox had spoken, a thing which had not been believed the year before, was now believed. Liv. 3.10.6Inter alia prōdigia et carne pluit, quem imbrem ingēns numerus avium intervolitandō rapuisse fertur;Among other prodigies it even rained flesh, and a huge number of birds is said to have snatched up this shower by flying in among it; Liv. 3.10.6quod intercīdit, sparsum ita iacuisse per aliquot diēs, ut nihil odor mūtāret.what fell to the ground lay scattered for several days in such a way that its smell did not change at all.

Liv. 3.10.7Librī per duumvirōs sacrōrum aditī;The books were consulted by the two commissioners for sacred rites; Liv. 3.10.7perīcula ā conventū aliēnigenārum praedicta, nē quī in loca summa urbis impetus caedēsque inde fierent;dangers were foretold from a gathering of foreigners, lest attacks should be made on the highest places of the city and bloodshed result; Liv. 3.10.7inter cētera monitum, ut sēditiōnibus abstinērētur.among other things a warning was given that they should refrain from sedition. Liv. 3.10.7Id factum ad inpediendam lēgem tribūnī crīminābantur, ingēnsque aderat certāmen.The tribunes charged that this had been done to obstruct the law, and a great struggle was at hand. Liv. 3.10.8Ecce, ut īdem in singulōs annōs orbis volverētur, Hernicī nūntiant Volscōs et Aequōs, etsī accīsae rēs sint, reficere exercitūs;Look: so that the same cycle might come round year after year, the Hernici reported that the Volscians and Aequi, although their strength had been cut down, were rebuilding their armies; Liv. 3.10.8Antiī summam reī positam, Ecetrae Antiātēs colōnōs palam concilia facere;that the centre of the enterprise lay at Antium, and that the colonists of Antium were openly holding councils at Ecetra; Liv. 3.10.8id caput, eās vīrēs bellī esse.that this was the head, these the strength of the war.

Liv. 3.10.9Ut haec dicta in senātū sunt, dīlēctus ēdīcitur.As soon as this was said in the senate, a levy was proclaimed. Liv. 3.10.9Cōnsulēs bellī administrātiōnem inter sē dispertīrī iussī, alterī ut Volscī, alterī ut Aequī prōvincia esset.The consuls were ordered to divide the conduct of the war between them, so that one should have the Volscians as his command, the other the Aequi. Liv. 3.10.10Tribūnī cōram in forō personāre fābulam conpositam Volscī bellī, Hernicōs ad partēs parātōs.The tribunes loudly declared to their faces in the Forum that the Volscian war was a made-up story, and that the Hernici had been prepared to play their parts. Liv. 3.10.10Iam nē virtūte quidem premī lībertātem populī Rōmānī, sed arte ēlūdī.Now the liberty of the Roman people was not even overpowered by courage, but cheated by craft. Liv. 3.10.11Quia occīdiōne prope occīsōs Volscōs et Aequōs movēre suā sponte arma posse iam fidēs abierit, novōs hostēs quaerī;Because it was no longer believable that the Volscians and Aequi, all but annihilated, could take up arms of their own accord, new enemies were being sought; Liv. 3.10.11colōniam fīdam, propinquam īnfāmem fierī.a loyal colony, a neighbouring one, was being defamed.

Liv. 3.10.12Bellum innoxiīs Antiātibus indīcī, gerī cum plēbe Rōmānā, quam onerātam armīs ex urbe praecipitī agmine āctūrī essent, exiliō et relēgātiōne cīvium ulcīscentēs tribūnōs.War was being declared on the innocent people of Antium, but waged against the Roman plebs, whom they meant to drive out of the city in headlong march, loaded with arms, taking vengeance on the tribunes by the exile and banishment of citizens. Liv. 3.10.13Sīc — nē quid aliud āctum putent — victam lēgem esse, nisi, dum in integrō rēs sit, dum domī, dum togātī sint, caveant, nē possessiōne urbis pellantur, nē iugum accipiant.Thus — let them not think anything else had been achieved — the law had been defeated, unless, while the matter was still undecided, while they were at home, while they were in their togas, they took care not to be driven from possession of the city, not to accept the yoke. Liv. 3.10.14Sī animus sit, nōn dēfore auxilium;If they had courage, help would not be lacking; Liv. 3.10.14cōnsentīre omnēs tribūnōs.all the tribunes were agreed. Liv. 3.10.14Nūllum terrōrem externum, nūllum perīculum esse;There was no foreign terror, no danger; Liv. 3.10.14cāvisse deōs priōre annō, ut tūtō lībertās dēfendī posset.the gods had seen to it the year before that liberty could be defended in safety.

Liv. 3.10.14Haec tribūnī.So spoke the tribunes.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×5, ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (227 words)
cum, prep, with abl.with
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
glōria, -ae, f.glory
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
adveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome to or toward, approach, arrive
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
omnis, -eall, every
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
Mārtius, -a, -umof Mars; campus Mārtius, the Field of Mars outside the old city
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
trīduum, -ī n.three days
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or take away
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditumsell
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
nōn, adv.not
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
sed, conj.but
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
lēx, lēgis f.law
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
antīquus, -a, -umancient
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
senātus, -ūs m.senate
tum, adv.then, at that time
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
populus, -ī m.people, nation
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
dēsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusset down; leave off, desist, cease, stop
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
que, enclitic conj.and
honor, -ōris, m.honor
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscelebrate a triumph; exult
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrejoice, exult; celebrate a minor triumph
sine, prep. with abl.without
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
urbs, urbis, f.city
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
annus, -ī, m.year
deinde, adv.then, next
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
collēgium (conlēgium), -ī n.board, body of colleagues
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
adgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumapproach; address; attack; undertake
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake violently; shake, weaken
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
prōdigium, -ī n.portent; monster
carō, carnis, f.flesh
pluō, -ere, pluīrain; make it rain
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
numerus, -ī, m.number
avis, -is, f.bird
intervolitō, -ārefly about among, flit through
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
intercīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut through, cut apart
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
odor, -ōris, m.smell, odor
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
liber, librī m.book; record
duumvir, -ī m.one of a board of two men; duumvirī perduelliōnis: the two judges for treason
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
conventus, -ūs m.meeting, assembly
aliēnigena, -ae m.foreigner, stranger; as adj., foreign
praedīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictussay beforehand, foretell, predict
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
inde (adv.)from there; then
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentumkeep away, hold back (from)
factum, -ī n.deed, act
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
ecce (interj.)look! see! here is
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtusroll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere)
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
etsī, conj.even if, although
accīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut into, cut partly through
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
colōnus, -ī m.settler, colonist; farmer
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
caput, capitis, n.head
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
bellum, -ī, n.war
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictusdeclare, proclaim, appoint
administrātiō, -ōnis f.management, use; working, operation
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dispertiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusdivide up, distribute
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
cōram (adv.)face to face, in person
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
personō, -āre, -uīresound; play loudly (on an instrument)
fābula, -ae, f.story
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
Volscus, -a, -umVolscian; (pl.) the Volsci, a people of southern Latium
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
iam, adv.now, already
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ars, artis, f.art
ēlūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsusmock, make sport of; elude
quia (conj.)because
occīdiō, -ōnis f.massacre, extermination; occīdiōne occīdere: wipe out utterly
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
colōnia, -ae f.settlement, colony
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
īnfāmis, -eof ill repute, notorious
innoxius, -a, -umharmless; innocent
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
onerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusload, burden
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
relēgātiō, -ōnis f.banishment, removal to a place (without loss of citizenship)
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultusavenge
sīc, adv.so, thus
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
nisi, conj.if not, unless
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
togātus, -a, -umwearing the toga; Gallia togata: Gaul this side of the Alps, whose people had Roman citizenship
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
possessiō, -ōnis f.property, possession
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
sī, conj.if
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
cōnsentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsumagree; act together
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
deus, -ī, m.god
tūtō (adv.; comp. tūtius)safely
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.