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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.8

Recovery and victory over the Volscians

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Liv. 3.8.1Inde paulātim seu pāce deum impetrātā seu graviōre tempore annī iam circumāctō dēfūncta morbīs.From then on, little by little, whether because the peace of the gods had been obtained or because the more unhealthy season of the year had now passed, people came through their illnesses. Liv. 3.8.1Corpora salūbriōra esse incipere;Bodies began to be healthier; Liv. 3.8.2versīsque animīs iam ad pūblicam cūram, cum aliquot interregna exīssent, P. Valerius Pūblicola tertiō diē, quam interregnum inierat, cōnsulēs creat L. Lucrētium Tricipitīnum et T. Veturium Geminum, sīve ille Vetusius fuit.and when minds had now turned to public concerns, after several interregna had run out, Publius Valerius Publicola, on the third day after he had entered on his interregnum, declared Lucius Lucretius Tricipitinus and Titus Veturius Geminus consuls, or perhaps his name was Vetusius. Liv. 3.8.3Ante diem tertium īdūs Sextīlēs cōnsulātum ineunt iam satis validā cīvitāte, ut nōn sōlum arcēre bellum, sed ultrō etiam īnferre posset.They entered on their consulship on the third day before the Ides of Sextilis, with the state now strong enough not only to ward off war but even to make it on its own account.

Liv. 3.8.4Igitur nūntiantibus Hernicīs in fīnīs suōs trānscendisse hostīs inpigrē prōmissum auxilium.Accordingly, when the Hernici reported that the enemy had crossed into their territory, help was promptly promised. Liv. 3.8.4Duo cōnsulārēs exercitūs scrīptī.Two consular armies were enrolled. Liv. 3.8.4Veturius missus in Volscōs ad bellum ultrō īnferendum;Veturius was sent against the Volscians to carry the war to them; Liv. 3.8.5Tricipitīnus populātiōnibus arcendīs sociōrum agrō oppositus nōn ultrā quam in Hernicōs prōcēdit.Tricipitinus, posted to keep raids from the allies' land, advanced no further than the territory of the Hernici. Liv. 3.8.5Veturius prīmō proeliō hostēs fundit fugatque;Veturius routed and put the enemy to flight in the first battle; Liv. 3.8.6Lucrētium, dum in Hernicīs sedet, praedōnum agmen fefellit suprā montēs Praenestīnōs ductum, inde dēmissum in campōs.while Lucretius sat among the Hernici, a column of plunderers escaped his notice, being led over the mountains of Praeneste and from there let down into the plains. Liv. 3.8.6Vāstāvēre agrōs Praenestīnum Gabīnumque, ex Gabīnō in Tusculānōs flexēre collēs;They laid waste the lands of Praeneste and Gabii, and from Gabii turned towards the Tusculan hills; Liv. 3.8.7urbī quoque Rōmae ingēns praebitus terror, magis rē subitā quam quod ad arcendam vim parum vīrium esset.great terror was caused in the city of Rome too, more from the suddenness of the thing than because there was too little strength to ward off an attack.

Liv. 3.8.7Q. Fabius praeerat urbī.Quintus Fabius was in charge of the city. Liv. 3.8.7Is armātā iuventūte dispositīsque praesidiīs tūta omnia ac tranquilla fēcit.By arming the young men and posting guards he made everything safe and calm. Liv. 3.8.8Itaque hostēs praedā ex proximīs locīs raptā adpropinquāre urbī nōn ausī cum circumāctō agmine redīrent, quantō longius ab urbe hostium abscēderent, eō solūtiōre cūrā, in Lucrētium incidunt cōnsulem, iam ante explōrātīs itineribus satis īnstrūctum et ad certāmen intentum.And so the enemy, after seizing plunder from the nearest places, did not dare to approach the city, and as they were returning by a roundabout route, with care the more relaxed the farther they withdrew from the enemy's city, they ran into the consul Lucretius, who had already reconnoitred the routes and was well prepared and intent on battle. Liv. 3.8.9Igitur praeparātīs animīs repentīnō pavōre perculsōs adortī aliquantō pauciōrēs multitūdinem ingentem fundunt fugantque et conpulsōs in cavās vallēs, cum exitus haud in facilī essent, circumveniunt.Accordingly, with their minds made ready, they attacked men struck with sudden panic, and though considerably fewer they routed and put to flight a huge multitude, and, having driven them into hollow valleys, since the ways out were not easy, they surrounded them.

Liv. 3.8.10Ibi Volscum nōmen prope dēlētum est.There the Volscian name was almost wiped out. Liv. 3.8.10Tredecim mīlia quadringentōs septuāgintā cecidisse in aciē ac fugā, mīlle septingentōs quīnquāgintā vīvōs captōs, signa vīgintī septem mīlitāria relāta in quibusdam annālibus inveniō;I find in certain annals that thirteen thousand four hundred and seventy fell in battle and in flight, that one thousand seven hundred and fifty were taken alive, and that twenty-seven military standards were brought back; Liv. 3.8.10ubi etsī adiectum aliquid numerō sit, magna certē caedēs fuit.and even if something has been added to the numbers there, it was certainly a great slaughter. Liv. 3.8.11Victor cōnsul ingentī praedā potītus eōdem in statīva rediit.The victorious consul, having gained enormous plunder, returned to the same standing camp. Liv. 3.8.11Tum cōnsulēs castra coniungunt;Then the consuls joined their camps; Liv. 3.8.11et Volscī Aequīque adflīctās vīrēs suās in ūnum contulēre.and the Volscians and Aequi brought their battered forces together into one. Liv. 3.8.11Tertia illa pugna eō annō fuit.That was the third battle of the year. Liv. 3.8.11Eadem fortūna victōriam dedit;The same fortune gave victory; Liv. 3.8.11fūsīs hostibus etiam castra capta.the enemy were routed and their camp was taken as well.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×11, indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (200 words)
inde (adv.)from there; then
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
pāx, pācis f.peace
deus, -ī, m.god
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
annus, -ī, m.year
iam, adv.now, already
circumagō, -agere, -ēgī, -āctusturn round, wheel about
dēfungor, -fungī, -fūnctus sumfinish, be done with; dēfūnctus: dead
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
corpus, corporis, n.body
salūbris, -ehealthy, wholesome
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
que, enclitic conj.and
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
interregnum, -ī n.interregnum, the interval between two reigns
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
tertius, -a, -umthird
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
Īdūs, -uum f. pl.the Ides (13th or 15th of the month)
Sextīlis, -eof the sixth month, of August; as noun, August
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
validus, -a, -umstrong
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nōn, adv.not
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
bellum, -ī, n.war
sed, conj.but
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
igitur, conj.therefore
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
trānscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsumclimb over, board
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
impigrē (adv.)energetically, briskly
prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or put forth, promise
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
ager, agri, m.field, land
oppōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusset against, place opposite
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
praedō, -ōnis m.robber, pirate
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
mōns, montis, m.mountain
Praenestīnus, -a, -umof Praeneste, a hill town east of Rome
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
Gabīnus, -a, -umof Gabii
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
Tusculānus, -a, -umof Tusculum, the Latin town on the hills south-east of Rome
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
collis, -is m.hill
urbs, urbis, f.city
quoque, adv.also
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
subitus, -a, -umsudden
quod, conj.that, in that, because
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
armō, -āre, -āvi, -ātusarm, equip
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumstation here and there, post
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
omnis, -eall, every
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tranquillus, -a, -umcalm
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
appropinquō, -propinquāre, -propinquāvī, -propinquātusapproach to, approach
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
longē, adv.far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
abscēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo away, withdraw
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
solūtus, -a, -umloose, free; lax, easygoing
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
praeparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprepare beforehand
repentīnus, -a, -umsudden
pavor, -ōris, m.terror, panic
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive together, drive
cavus, -a, -umhollow
vallis, -is, f.valley
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
ibi, adv.in that place, there
Volscus, -a, -umVolscian; (pl.) the Volsci, a people of southern Latium
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētumdestroy, wipe out
tredecim (indecl.)thirteen
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
quadringentī, -ae, -afour hundred
septuāgintā (indecl.)seventy
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
fuga, -ae, f.flight
septingentī, -ae, -aseven hundred
quīnquāgintā, indecl. adj.fifty
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
septemseven
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
annālēs, -ium m. pl.annals, a year-by-year record; chronicle
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
etsī, conj.even if, although
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
numerus, -ī, m.number
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
eōdemto the same place
statīva, -ōrum n. pl.a standing camp, permanent camp
tum, adv.then, at that time
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
adflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxi, -flīctusdash to, shatter
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
victōria, -ae, f.victory
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.