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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.70

Victory near Corbio

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Liv. 3.70.1In exercitū Rōmānō cum duo cōnsulēs essent potestāte parī, quod salūberrimum in administrātiōne magnārum rērum est, summa imperiī concēdente Agrippā penes collēgam erat, et praelātus ille facilitātī summittentis sē cōmiter respondēbat commūnicandō cōnsilia laudēsque et aequandō inparem sibi.In the Roman army, though there were two consuls of equal power, the supreme command, which is the most salutary arrangement in the conduct of great affairs, rested with his colleague by Agrippa's concession, and the one preferred responded courteously to the compliance of the one who subordinated himself, sharing his plans and his credit and treating as his equal a man who was not. Liv. 3.70.2In aciē Quīnctius dextrum cornū, Agrippa sinistrum tenuit;In the battle line Quinctius held the right wing, Agrippa the left; Liv. 3.70.2Sp. Postumiō Albō lēgātō datur media aciēs tuenda, lēgātum alterum P. Sulpicium equitibus praeficiunt.the centre is given to the legate Spurius Postumius Albus to hold, and they put the other legate, Publius Sulpicius, in command of the cavalry. Liv. 3.70.3Peditēs ab dextrō cornū ēgregiē pugnāvēre haud segniter resistentibus Volscīs.The infantry on the right wing fought splendidly, though the Volsci resisted with no lack of vigour.

Liv. 3.70.4P. Sulpicius per mediam hostium aciem cum equitātū perrūpit.Publius Sulpicius broke through the middle of the enemy line with the cavalry. Liv. 3.70.4Unde cum eādem revertī posset ad suōs, priusquam hostis turbātōs ōrdinēs reficeret, terga inpugnāre hostium satius vīsum est;Though he could have returned the same way to his own men before the enemy re-formed its disordered ranks, it seemed better to attack the enemy's rear; Liv. 3.70.4mōmentōque temporis in āversam incursandō aciem ancipitī terrōre dissipāsset hostēs, nī suō propriō eum proeliō equitēs Volscōrum et Aequōrum exceptum aliquamdiū tenuissent.and in a moment, charging the line from behind, he would have scattered the enemy with terror on both sides, had not the cavalry of the Volsci and Aequi intercepted him with a fight of their own and held him for some time. Liv. 3.70.5Ibi vērō Sulpicius negāre cūnctandī tempus esse, circumventōs interclūsōsque ab suīs vōciferāns, nī equestre proelium cōnīxī omnī vī perficerent.Then indeed Sulpicius declared that there was no time for delay, crying out that they were surrounded and cut off from their own men unless they strained with all their might and finished the cavalry battle.

Liv. 3.70.6Nec fugāre equitem integrum satis esse;Nor was it enough to put the cavalry to flight while leaving them intact; Liv. 3.70.6cōnficerent equōs virōsque, nē quis reveherētur inde ad proelium aut integrāret pugnam;let them destroy horses and men, so that none might ride back from there to the battle or renew the fight; Liv. 3.70.6nōn posse illōs resistere sibi, quibus cōnferta peditum aciēs cessisset.those men could not resist them, before whom a close-packed line of infantry had given way. Liv. 3.70.7Haud surdīs auribus dicta.His words did not fall on deaf ears. Liv. 3.70.7Inpressiōne ūnā tōtum equitātum fūdēre, magnam vim ex equīs praecipitāvēre, ipsōs equōsque spīculīs cōnfōdēre.With a single charge they routed the whole cavalry, hurled a great number from their horses, and ran men and horses through with their javelins. Liv. 3.70.7Is fīnis pugnae equestris fuit.That was the end of the cavalry battle. Liv. 3.70.8Tunc adortī peditum aciem nūntiōs ad cōnsulēs reī gestae mittunt, ubi iam inclīnābātur hostium aciēs.Then attacking the infantry line, they sent messengers to the consuls to report what had been done, at a point where the enemy line was already giving way.

Liv. 3.70.8Nūntius deinde et vincentibus Rōmānīs animōs auxit et referentēs gradum perculit Aequōs.The news then both heightened the spirits of the victorious Romans and struck dismay into the Aequi as they fell back. Liv. 3.70.9In mediā prīmum aciē vincī coeptī, quā permissus equitātus turbāverat ōrdinēs;They began to be beaten first in the centre, where the cavalry, let loose, had thrown the ranks into confusion; Liv. 3.70.10sinistrum deinde cornū ab Quīnctiō cōnsule pellī coeptum;then the left wing began to be driven back by the consul Quinctius; Liv. 3.70.10in dextrō plūrimum labōris fuit.on the right there was most toil. Liv. 3.70.10Ibi Agrippa, aetāte vīribusque ferōx, cum omnī parte pugnae melius rem gerī quam apud sē vidēret, arrepta signa ab signiferīs ipse īnferre, quaedam iacere etiam in cōnfertōs hostēs coepit;There Agrippa, fierce in youth and strength, seeing that the battle was going better in every part of the field than where he was, snatched standards from the standard-bearers and began to carry them forward himself, and even to throw some into the thick of the enemy; Liv. 3.70.11cuius ignōminiae metū concitātī mīlitēs invāsēre hostem.roused by fear of that disgrace, the soldiers charged the enemy.

Liv. 3.70.11Ita aequāta ex omnī parte victōria est.Thus victory was made equal on every side. Liv. 3.70.11Nūntius tum ā Quīnctiō venit victōrem iam sē imminēre hostium castrīs;A messenger then came from Quinctius to say that he was already victorious and threatening the enemy's camp; Liv. 3.70.11nōlle inrumpere, antequam sciat dēbellātum et in sinistrō cornū esse;he did not wish to break in before he knew that the war was won on the left wing too; Liv. 3.70.12sī iam fūdisset hostēs, cōnferret ad sē signa, ut simul omnis exercitūs praedā potīrētur.if Agrippa had already routed the enemy, he should bring his standards over to him, so that the whole army might take possession of the plunder together. Liv. 3.70.13Victor Agrippa cum mūtuā grātulātiōne ad victōrem collēgam castraque hostium vēnit.The victorious Agrippa came, with mutual congratulations, to his victorious colleague and the enemy's camp. Liv. 3.70.13Ibi paucīs dēfendentibus mōmentōque fūsīs sine certāmine in mūnītiōnēs inrumpunt praedāque ingentī conpotem exercitum suīs etiam rēbus recuperātīs, quae populātiōne agrōrum āmissae erant, redūcunt.There, since the defenders were few and were routed in a moment, they burst into the fortifications without a fight and led the army back in possession of enormous plunder, having recovered also their own property, which had been lost in the ravaging of the fields.

Liv. 3.70.14Triumphum nec ipsōs postulāsse nec dēlātum iīs ab senātū accipiō, nec trāditur causa sprētī aut nōn spērātī honōris.I find that they neither asked for a triumph themselves nor had one offered them by the senate, and no reason is recorded for the honour being spurned or not hoped for. Liv. 3.70.15Ego quantum in tantō intervallō temporum coniciō, cum Valeriō atque Horātiō cōnsulibus, quī praeter Volscōs et Aequōs Sabīnī etiam bellī perfectī glōriam pepererant, negātus ab senātū triumphus esset, verēcundiae fuit prō parte dīmidiā rērum cōnsulibus petere triumphum, nē, etiamsī impetrāssent, magis hominum ratiō quam meritōrum habita vidērētur.As far as I can conjecture at so great a distance of time, since a triumph had been refused by the senate to the consuls Valerius and Horatius, who besides the Volsci and Aequi had won glory for finishing the Sabine war as well, the consuls felt ashamed to ask for a triumph for half as much achievement, lest, even if they obtained it, regard should seem to have been had for persons rather than merits.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×5, ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×4, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (231 words)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
pār, parisequal
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
salūber (salūbris), -bris, -brehealthy, wholesome, beneficial
administrātiō, -ōnis f.management, use; working, operation
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
facilitās, -ātis f.easiness of manner, good nature, approachability
summittō (submittō), -ere, -mīsī, -missuslower, let down; send up, supply
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cōmiter (adv.)courteously, in a friendly way
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
commūnicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare; in the Gospels also: make common, make (ritually) unclean
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
que, enclitic conj.and
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
impār, imparisunequal, ill-matched
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
dexter, -tra, -trumright
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
sinister, -tra, -trumleft
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumput in charge of
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ēgregiē, adv.excellently, splendidly, admirably
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
segniter (adv.)sluggishly, lazily, half-heartedly
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cum, prep, with abl.with
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
perrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak or burst through, break
unde, adv.whence
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
tergum, -ī, n.back
impugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack
satius, comp. (n.)better, preferable (satius est: it is better)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
āversus, -a, -umturned away, distant
incursō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusattack repeatedly, make raids on; run against
anceps, ancipitistwo-sided, on two fronts; doubtful
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
dissipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumscatter
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
aliquam diū (adv.)for some time
ibi, adv.in that place, there
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
interclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsumcut off, block
vōciferor, -ārī, -ātus sumshout, cry out loudly
equester, -tris, -treof cavalry
cōnītor, -ī, -nīxus (-nīsus) sumstrive hard, struggle; make every effort
omnis, -eall, every
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
equus, -ī, m.horse
vir, virī, m.man
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
revehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry back
inde (adv.)from there; then
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
integrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrenew, start afresh
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
nōn, adv.not
cōnfertus, -a, -umcrowded, close-packed
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
surdus, -a, -umdeaf
auris, -is, f.ear
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
impressiō, -ōnis f.an attack, inroad, charge
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow headlong; sē praecipitāre: hurl oneself
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
spīculum, -ī n.point, sharp tip; dart, arrow
cōnfodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossusstab, run through
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
iam, adv.now, already
inclīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbend, lean; incline, tend
deinde, adv.then, next
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
quā, adv.in which place, where
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
aetās, -tātis, f.age
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
bene, adv.well; successfully
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
signifer, -ferī m.standard-bearer
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactusthrow, cast, hurl
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
victōria, -ae, f.victory
tum, adv.then, at that time
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
antequam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
dēbellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight to the finish; subdue completely
sī, conj.if
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
mūtuus, -a, -umborrowed, lent; mutual (pecūnia mūtua: a loan)
grātulātiō, -ōnis f.rejoicing, congratulation
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
sine, prep. with abl.without
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
mūnītiō, -ōnis f.fortification, defence works
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
compos, -potishaving a share in, possessing (+ gen.)
recuperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrecover
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
ager, agri, m.field, land
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
senātus, -ūs m.senate
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
honor, -ōris, m.honor
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
quantum, adv.how much? how?
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
intervallum, -ī, n.interval, space, distance
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
Sabīnus, -a, -umSabine
bellum, -ī, n.war
perfectus, -a, -umcomplete, perfect; blameless
glōria, -ae, f.glory
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
dīmidius, -a, -umhalf
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
etiamsīeven if, although
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
homō, hominis, m.man
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.