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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.69

A swift levy for war

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Liv. 3.69.1Rārō aliās tribūnī populāris ōrātiō acceptior plēbī quam tunc sevērissimī cōnsulis fuit.Rarely at other times was the speech of a popular tribune more welcome to the plebs than was then that of a most severe consul. Liv. 3.69.2Iuventūs quoque, quae inter tālēs metūs dētractātiōnem mīlitiae tēlum ācerrimum adversus patrēs habēre solita erat, arma et bellum spectābat.The young men too, who amid such fears had been accustomed to use refusal of military service as their sharpest weapon against the senators, were now looking towards arms and war. Liv. 3.69.2Et agrestium fugā spoliātīque in agrīs et vulnerātī foediōra iīs, quae subiciēbantur oculīs, nūntiantēs tōtam urbem īrā inplēvēre.And the flight of the country people, and those robbed and wounded in the fields, reporting things more shocking than what was before their eyes, filled the whole city with anger. Liv. 3.69.3In senātum ubi ventum est, ibi vērō in Quīnctium omnēs versī, ut ūnum vindicem maiestātis Rōmānae intuērī, et prīmōrēs patrum dignam dīcere contiōnem imperiō cōnsulārī, dignam tot cōnsulātibus ante āctīs, dignam vītā omnī, plēnā honōrum saepe gestōrum, saepius meritōrum.When the senate met, there indeed all turned towards Quinctius, gazing on him as the one champion of Roman majesty, and the leading senators said that his speech was worthy of the consular command, worthy of his many former consulships, worthy of his whole life, full of honours often held and still more often deserved.

Liv. 3.69.4Aliōs cōnsulēs aut per prōditiōnem dignitātis patrum plēbī adūlātōs aut acerbē tuendō iūra ōrdinis asperiōrem domandō multitūdinem fēcisse;Other consuls, they said, had either fawned on the plebs by betraying the senators' dignity or, by defending the rights of their order harshly, had made the multitude more unruly in trying to tame it; Liv. 3.69.4T. Quīnctium ōrātiōnem memorem maiestātis patrum concordiaeque ōrdinum et temporum in prīmīs habuisse.Titus Quinctius had made a speech mindful of the majesty of the senators, of the harmony of the orders, and above all of the times. Liv. 3.69.5Ōrāre eum collēgamque, ut capesserent rem pūblicam;They begged him and his colleague to take the commonwealth in hand; Liv. 3.69.5ōrāre tribūnōs, ut ūnō animō cum cōnsulibus bellum ab urbe ac moenibus prōpulsārī vellent plēbemque oboedientem in rē tam trepidā patribus praebērent: appellāre tribūnōs commūnem patriam auxiliumque eōrum inplōrāre vāstātīs agrīs, urbe prope oppugnātā.they begged the tribunes to be of one mind with the consuls in wishing to drive the war back from the city and its walls, and to make the plebs obedient to the senators at so critical a moment: the common fatherland, they said, appealed to the tribunes and implored their help, its fields laid waste and the city all but stormed.

Liv. 3.69.6Cōnsēnsū omnium dīlēctus dēcernitur habēturque.By universal consent a levy was decreed and held. Liv. 3.69.6Cum cōnsulēs in contiōne prōnūntiāssent tempus nōn esse causās cognōscendī;When the consuls had announced in the assembly that there was no time for examining excuses; Liv. 3.69.6omnēs iūniōrēs posterō diē prīmā lūce in campō Mārtiō adessent;that all the younger men should present themselves at first light the next day on the Campus Martius; Liv. 3.69.7cognōscendīs causīs eōrum, quī nōmina nōn dedissent, bellō perfectō sē datūrōs tempus;that when the war was over they would give time for examining the excuses of those who had not given in their names; Liv. 3.69.7prō dēsertōre futūrum, cuius nōn probāssent causam: omnis iuventūs adfuit posterō diē.that anyone whose excuse they did not accept would be treated as a deserter: all the young men were present the next day. Liv. 3.69.8Cohortēs sibi quaeque centuriōnēs lēgērunt, bīnī senātōrēs singulīs cohortibus praepositī.Each cohort chose its own centurions, and two senators were put in command of each cohort. Liv. 3.69.8Haec omnia adeō mātūrē perfecta accēpimus, ut signa eō ipsō diē ā quaestōribus ex aerāriō prōmpta dēlātaque in campum quartā diēī hōrā mōta ex campō sint exercitusque novus paucīs cohortibus veterum mīlitum voluntāte sequentibus mānserit ad decimum lapidem.We are told that all this was completed so speedily that the standards, brought out from the treasury by the quaestors that very day and carried to the Campus, moved off from the Campus at the fourth hour of the day, and the new army, with a few cohorts of veterans following voluntarily, halted at the tenth milestone.

Liv. 3.69.9Īnsequēns diēs hostem in cōnspectum dedit, castraque ad Corbiōnem castrīs sunt coniūncta.The following day brought the enemy into sight, and camp was joined to camp near Corbio. Liv. 3.69.10Tertiō diē, cum īra Rōmānōs, illōs, cum totiēns rebellāssent, cōnscientia culpae ac dēspērātiō inrītāret, mora dīmicandī nūlla est facta.On the third day, since anger spurred on the Romans, and the enemy, after so many rebellions, were spurred by consciousness of guilt and by despair, there was no delay in fighting.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×5, ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (188 words)
rārō (adv.)seldom, rarely
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
acceptus, -a, -um (+ dat.)welcome, popular (with)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
sevērus, -a, -umstern, strict, severe
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
quoque, adv.also
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
tālis, -esuch
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
dētrectātiō, -ōnis f.refusal, shirking (of service or duty)
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
pater, patris, m.father
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
bellum, -ī, n.war
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
fuga, -ae, f.flight
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
que, enclitic conj.and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ager, agri, m.field, land
vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswound
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
oculus, -ī, m.eye
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
urbs, urbis, f.city
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
senātus, -ūs m.senate
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
ibi, adv.in that place, there
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
omnis, -eall, every
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
vindex, -icis m.avenger, punisher; protector
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
intueor, -tuērī, -tuituslook upon, behold
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
tot (indecl.)so many
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
vīta, -ae, f.life
plēnus, -a, -umfull
honor, -ōris, m.honor
saepe, adv.often, frequently
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritusdeserve, earn
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
prōditiō, -ōnis f.treachery, betrayal
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
adūlor, -ārī, -ātus sumflatter, fawn upon
acerbē (adv.)harshly, bitterly; acerbius ferre: take hard
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
domō, -āre, -uī, -itustame, subdue, master
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
capessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītustake hold of; rem pūblicam capessere: go into public life
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
cum, prep, with abl.with
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
prōpulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdrive back
volō, velle, voluīwish
oboediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumobey (+ dat.)
tam, adv.so
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
implōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbeg for, appeal for
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
prōnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusproclaim, announce
nōn, adv.not
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
iūnior, -ius (comp. of iuvenis)younger; iūniōrēs: men of military age
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
lūx, lūcis, f.light
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
Mārtius, -a, -umof Mars; campus Mārtius, the Field of Mars outside the old city
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
dēsertor, -ōris m.deserter
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
bīnī, -ae, -atwo each, two at a time
senātor, -ōris m.senator, elder
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput in command of
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quaestor, -ōris m.quaestor, a Roman official in charge of an army's funds
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
aerārium, -ī n.treasury (the state treasury in the temple of Saturn)
prōmō, prōmere, prōmpsī, prōmptustake or bring out, produce
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
quartus, -a, -umfourth
hōra, -ae, f.hour
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
vetus, veterisold, former
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
decimus, -a, -umtenth
lapis, -idis, m.stone
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
tertius, -a, -umthird
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
totiēns (adv.)so often, so many times
rebellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew the war, revolt
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
dēspērātiō, -ōnis f.despair, hopelessness
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
mora, -ae, f.delay
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.