LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 3 › Ab Urbe Condita 3.61

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.61

Victory on Algidus

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 3.61.1Cōnsul ex alterā parte Rōmānōs meminisse iubēbat illō diē prīmum līberōs prō līberā urbe Rōmānā pugnāre: sibimet ipsīs victūrōs, nōn ut Decemvirōrum victōrēs praemium essent.On the other side the consul bade the Romans remember that on that day for the first time they were fighting as free men for a free Roman city: they would conquer for themselves, not so that as conquerors they should be the prize of the decemvirs. Liv. 3.61.2Nōn Appiō duce rem gerī, sed cōnsule Valeriō ab līberātōribus populī Rōmānī ortō, līberātōre ipsō.It was not under Appius' leadership that the battle was being waged, but under the consul Valerius, descended from the liberators of the Roman people, himself a liberator. Liv. 3.61.2Ostenderent priōribus proeliīs per ducēs, nōn per mīlitēs stetisse, nē vincerent;Let them show that in former battles it had been the fault of the leaders, not of the soldiers, that they did not conquer; Liv. 3.61.3turpe esse contrā cīvēs plūs animī habuisse quam contrā hostēs et domī quam forīs servitūtem magis timuisse.it was shameful to have shown more spirit against citizens than against enemies, and to have feared slavery more at home than abroad.

Liv. 3.61.4Ūnam Verginiam fuisse, cuius pudīcitiae in pāce perīculum esset, ūnum Appium cīvem perīculōsae libīdinis;Verginia alone had been in danger for her chastity in peacetime, Appius alone a citizen of dangerous lust; Liv. 3.61.4at, sī fortūna bellī inclīnet, omnium līberīs ab tot mīlibus hostium perīculum fore;but if the fortune of war should turn, everyone's children would be in danger from so many thousands of enemies; Liv. 3.61.5nōlle ōminārī, quae nec Iuppiter nec Mārs pater passūrī sint iīs auspiciīs conditae urbī accidere.he would not speak ill-omened words of things which neither Jupiter nor father Mars would allow to befall a city founded with such auspices. Liv. 3.61.5Aventīnī Sacrīque montis admonēbat, ut, ubi lībertās parta esset paucīs ante mēnsibus, eō imperium inlībātum referrent ostenderentque eandem indolem mīlitibus Rōmānīs post exāctōs decemvirōs esse, quae ante creātōs fuerit, nec aequātīs lēgibus inminūtam virtūtem populī Rōmānī esse.He reminded them of the Aventine and the Sacred Mount, urging them to bring back power undiminished to the place where liberty had been won a few months before, and to show that Roman soldiers had the same nature after the decemvirs were driven out as before they were created, and that the courage of the Roman people had not been diminished by the equalising of the laws.

Liv. 3.61.7Haec ubi inter signa peditum dicta dedit, advolat deinde ad equitēs: "agite, iuvenēs," inquit, "praestāte virtūte peditem, ut honōre atque ōrdine praestātis.Having spoken these words among the infantry standards, he then flew to the cavalry: 'Come, young men,' he said, 'surpass the infantry in courage, as you surpass them in honour and rank. Liv. 3.61.8Prīmō concursū pedes mōvit hostem, pulsum vōs inmissīs equīs exigite ē campō.At the first clash the infantry dislodged the enemy; now that he is driven back, give your horses their head and drive him from the field. Liv. 3.61.8Nōn sustinēbunt impetum et nunc cūnctantur magis quam resistunt."They will not withstand your charge, and even now they are hesitating rather than resisting.' Liv. 3.61.9Concitant equōs permittuntque in hostem pedestrī iam turbātum pugnā et perruptīs ōrdinibus ēlātī ad novissimam aciem, pars līberō spatiō circumvectī iam fugam undique capessentēs plērōsque ā castrīs āvertunt praeterequitantēsque absterrent.They spurred their horses and charged at the enemy, already thrown into confusion by the infantry battle, and, breaking through the ranks, were carried on to the rearmost line; some, riding round through open ground, cut off most of the enemy, who were now taking to flight on every side, from their camp, and riding past them frightened them away.

Liv. 3.61.10Peditum aciēs et cōnsul ipse vīsque omnis bellī fertur in castra captīsque cum ingentī caede maiōre praedā potītur.The infantry line, the consul himself and the whole force of the war swept on to the camp, and, having taken it with great slaughter, he gained still greater plunder. Liv. 3.61.10Huius pugnae fāma, perlāta nōn in urbem modo, sed in Sabīnōs ad alterum exercitum, in urbe laetitia celebrāta est, in castrīs animōs mīlitum ad aemulandum decus accendit.The news of this battle was carried not only to the city but to the other army among the Sabines; in the city it was celebrated with rejoicing, in the camp it fired the soldiers' spirits to emulate the glory. Liv. 3.61.12Iam Horātius eōs excursiōnibus proeliīsque levibus experiundō adsuēfēcerat sibi potius fīdere quam meminisse ignōminiae Decemvirōrum ductū acceptae;Horatius had already, by testing them in sallies and light skirmishes, accustomed them to trust in themselves rather than to remember the disgrace incurred under the decemvirs' command; Liv. 3.61.13parvaque certāmina in summam tōtīus prōfēcerant speī.and these small contests had added up to confidence in the whole.

Liv. 3.61.13Nec cessābant Sabīnī, ferōcēs ab rē priōre annō bene gestā, lacessere atque īnstāre rogitantēs, quid latrōciniī modō prōcursantēs paucī recurrentēsque tererent tempus et in multa proelia parvaque carperent summam ūnīus bellī?Nor did the Sabines, emboldened by their success of the previous year, cease to provoke and press them, asking again and again why they wasted time, sallying out a few at a time and running back like brigands, and frittered away the sum of a single war in many small battles. Liv. 3.61.14Quīn illī congrederentur aciē inclīnandamque semel fortūnae rem darent?Why did they not meet them in pitched battle and hand the issue over to fortune to be decided once for all?

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×5, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (203 words)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
meminī, meminisseremember
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
līber, lībera, līberumfree
urbs, urbis, f.city
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
nōn, adv.not
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
praemium, -ī, n.reward
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
sed, conj.but
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
līberātor, -ōris m.liberator, deliverer
populus, -ī m.people, nation
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
turpis, -edisgraceful
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
plūs (adv.)more
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
forīs, adv.out of doors, without
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
pudīcitia, -ae f.chastity, modesty
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pāx, pācis f.peace
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
at, conj.but
sī, conj.if
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
bellum, -ī, n.war
inclīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbend, lean; incline, tend
omnis, -eall, every
tot (indecl.)so many
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
ōminor, -ārī, -ātus sumforebode, prophesy; wish (good or ill)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
pater, patris, m.father
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
auspicium, -ī n.taking of the auspices (reading the will of the gods from birds); omen
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
que, enclitic conj.and
mōns, montis, m.mountain
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
mēnsis, -is m.month
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
illībātus (inlībātus), -a, -umundiminished, unimpaired, intact
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
indolēs, -is f.natural character, nature, spirit
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
lēx, lēgis f.law
imminuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtuslessen, diminish; passive: go down
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
advolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfly at, rush at
deinde, adv.then, next
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
honor, -ōris, m.honor
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
vōsplur. of tū
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
equus, -ī, m.horse
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
nunc, adv.now
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
pedester, -tris, -treon foot, infantry (pedestrēs cōpiae: infantry)
iam, adv.now, already
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
perrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak or burst through, break
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
novissimus, -a, -umlast (novissimum agmen: the rear)
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
circumvehor, -vehī, -vectus sumride around
fuga, -ae, f.flight
undique, adv.from or on all sides
capessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītustake hold of; rem pūblicam capessere: go into public life
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
praeterequitō, -āreride past
absterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten away, deter, keep off by fear
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
cum, prep, with abl.with
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
modo, adv.only
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
laetitia, -ae, f.joy
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
aemulor, -ārī, -ātus sumtry to equal, rival, imitate
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
excursiō, -ōnis f.sally, raid
levis, -elight, slight
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
adsuēfaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusaccustom, train
potius (adv.)rather
fīdō, -ere, fīsus sumtrust, rely on (+ dat. or abl.); fīdēns, confident, bold
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
ductus, -ūs m.leadership, command
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
spēs, speī, f.hope
cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstop, cease, rest; be idle
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
annus, -ī, m.year
bene, adv.well; successfully
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītumprovoke, harass
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
rogitō, -ārekeep asking, ask eagerly
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
latrōcinium, -ī n.robbery, raiding
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
prōcursō, -ārerun forward repeatedly, make sallies
recurrō, -ere, -currīrun back, return, come round again
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
carpō, -ere, -sī, -tuspluck
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
congredior, -ī, -gressus summeet; come to grips, fight
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.