LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 3 › Ab Urbe Condita 3.6

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.6

Plague strikes Rome and its allies

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 3.6.1Comitia inde habita;Then elections were held; Liv. 3.6.1creātī cōnsulēs L. Aebūtius, P. Servīlius.Lucius Aebutius and Publius Servilius were elected consuls. Liv. 3.6.1Kal.On the Kalends Liv. 3.6.1Sextīlibus, ut tunc prīncipium annī agēbātur, cōnsulātum ineunt.of Sextilis, the day on which the year then began, they entered upon their consulship. Liv. 3.6.2Grave tempus et forte annus pestilēns erat urbī agrīsque nec hominibus magis quam pecorī;It was a grievous time, and as it happened the year was a pestilential one for the city and the countryside, and no less for men than for cattle; Liv. 3.6.2et auxēre vim morbī terrōre populātiōnis pecoribus agrestibusque in urbem acceptīs.and they increased the violence of the disease by taking cattle and country people into the city for fear of raids. Liv. 3.6.3Ea conluuiō = mīxtōrum omnis generis animantium et odōre īnsolitō urbānōs et agrestem cōnfertum in arta tēcta aestū ac vigiliīs angēbat, ministeriaque in vicem ac contāgiō ipsa volgābant morbōs.This medley of all kinds of living creatures mixed together distressed both the city folk, with its unaccustomed stench, and the country people, crowded into cramped dwellings, with heat and sleeplessness; and the tending of one another and contact itself spread the disease.

Liv. 3.6.4Vix īnstantēs sustinentibus clādēs repente lēgātī Hernicī nūntiant in agrō suō Aequōs Volscōsque coniūnctīs cōpiīs castra posuisse;While they could scarcely bear the disasters pressing upon them, envoys of the Hernici suddenly reported that the Aequi and Volscians had joined forces and pitched camp in their territory; Liv. 3.6.4inde exercitū ingentī fīnēs suōs dēpopulārī.and from there, with a huge army, were laying waste their lands. Liv. 3.6.5Praeterquam quod īnfrequēns senātus indiciō erat sociīs adflīctam cīvitātem pestilentiā esse, maestum etiam respōnsum tulēre, ut per sē ipsī Hernicī cum Latīnīs rēs suās tūtārentur: urbem Rōmānam subitā deum īrā morbō populārī;Besides the fact that the thin attendance of the senate was a sign to the allies that the state was stricken by pestilence, they also brought back a gloomy answer: that the Hernici, together with the Latins, should protect their own affairs by themselves: the city of Rome was being ravaged by disease through a sudden anger of the gods; Liv. 3.6.5sī qua eius malī quiēs veniat, ut annō ante, ut semper aliās sociīs opem lātūrōs.if any respite from that evil should come, they would bring help to their allies, as the year before, as always at other times.

Liv. 3.6.6Discessēre sociī prō trīstī nūntiō trīstiōrem domum reportantēs, quippe quibus per sē sustinendum bellum erat, quod vix Rōmānīs fultī vīribus sustinuissent.The allies departed, carrying home, in place of a sad message, a sadder one, since they had to sustain by themselves a war which they could scarcely have sustained even when propped up by Roman strength. Liv. 3.6.7Nōn diūtius sē in Hernicō hostis continuit;The enemy did not confine himself any longer to Hernican territory; Liv. 3.6.7pergit inde īnfestus in agrōs Rōmānōs etiam sine bellī iniūriā vāstātōs.he proceeded from there with hostile intent into Roman lands, which were laid waste even without the injury of war. Liv. 3.6.7Ubi cum obvius nēmō nē inermis quidem fieret perque omnia nōn praesidiīs modo dēserta sed etiam cultū agrestī trānsīrent, pervēnēre ad tertium lapidem Gabīnā viā.There, since no one met them, not even unarmed, and they passed through everything deserted not only by garrisons but even by the tillage of the fields, they came as far as the third milestone on the Gabine road. Liv. 3.6.7Mortuus Aebūtius erat Rōmānus cōnsul;Aebutius, the Roman consul, had died; Liv. 3.6.8collēga eius Servīlius exiguā in spē trahēbat animam;his colleague Servilius was drawing breath with slight hope of life; Liv. 3.6.8adfectī plērīque prīncipum, patrum maior pars, mīlitāris ferē aetās omnis, ut nōn modo ad expedītiōnēs, quās in tantō tumultū rēs poscēbat, sed vix ad quiētās statiōnēs vīribus sufficerent.most of the leading men were stricken, the greater part of the senators, and nearly all of military age, so that their strength was scarcely sufficient, not merely for the expeditions which the situation demanded in so great a tumult, but even for standing quietly on guard.

Liv. 3.6.9Mūnus vigiliārum senātōrēs, quī per aetātem ac valētūdinem poterant, per sē ipsī obībant;The duty of keeping watch was undertaken in person by those senators whose age and health allowed it; Liv. 3.6.9circumitiō ac cūra aedīlium plēbī erat;the rounds and the supervision were the business of the plebeian aediles; Liv. 3.6.9ad eōs summa rērum ac maiestās cōnsulāris imperiī vēnerat.to them the supreme control of affairs and the majesty of consular command had passed.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×1, purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (180 words)
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
inde (adv.)from there; then
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
Kalendae, -ārum f. pl.the Kalends (1st day of the month)
Sextīlis, -eof the sixth month, of August; as noun, August
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
annus, -ī, m.year
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
pestilēns, -entisunhealthy, deadly; baneful
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
urbs, urbis, f.city
ager, agri, m.field, land
que, enclitic conj.and
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
homō, hominis, m.man
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
colluviō (conluviō), -ōnis f.filthy mixture, jumble; confusion
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
omnis, -eall, every
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
animāns, -antis m., f. and n.living being, creature, animal
odor, -ōris, m.smell, odor
īnsolitus, -a, -umunaccustomed; unusual, strange
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
cōnfertus, -a, -umcrowded, close-packed
artus, -a, -umclose, tight; dense, thick
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
angō, -ere, ānxīchoke; (pass.) be vexed, be distressed
ministerium, -ī n.service, office, duty
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
contāgiō, -ōnis f.touch, contact; contagion
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake common, spread abroad; (corpus) prostitute
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
repente (adv.)suddenly
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
dēpopulor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, ravage
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
quod, conj.that, in that, because
īnfrequēns, -entisnot crowded; (of troops) under strength
senātus, -ūs m.senate
indicium, -ī n.information, evidence; an informer's report
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
adflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxi, -flīctusdash to, shatter
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
pestilentia, -ae f.plague, pestilence
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
respōnsum, -ī, n.reply, answer, response
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cum, prep, with abl.with
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
subitus, -a, -umsudden
deus, -ī, m.god
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
semper, adv.always
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
reportō, -portāre, -portāvī, -portātuscarry or bring back
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
bellum, -ī, n.war
fulciō, -īre, fulsī, fultusprop up, support, hold up
nōn, adv.not
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
Hernicus, -a, -umof the Hernici, a people of Latium
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
sine, prep. with abl.without
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
inermis, -eunarmed
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
modo, adv.only
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
sed, conj.but
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
tertius, -a, -umthird
lapis, -idis, m.stone
Gabīnus, -a, -umof Gabii
via, -ae, f.road, way
morior, morī, mortuusdie
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
exiguus, -a, -umsmall, scanty, short
spēs, speī, f.hope
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
pater, patris, m.father
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
aetās, -tātis, f.age
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
statiō, -ōnis f.outpost, picket
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
senātor, -ōris m.senator, elder
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
circumitiō, -ōnis f.going round, a round of visits or inspection
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
aedīlis, -is m.aedile, a magistrate in charge of public buildings, markets and games
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.