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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.5

Quinctius relieves the besieged camp

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Liv. 3.5.1Multī per eōs diēs mōtūs multīque impetūs hinc atque illinc factī, quia superante multitūdine hostēs carpere multifāriam vīrīs Rōmānās, ut nōn suffectūrās ad omnia, adgressī sunt;Many movements and many attacks were made on this side and that in those days, because the enemy, superior in numbers, set about wearing down the Roman forces in many places, as though they would not be enough for everything; Liv. 3.5.2simul castra oppugnābantur, simul pars exercitūs ad populandum agrum Rōmānum missa urbemque ipsam, sī qua fortūna daret, temptandam.at the same time the camp was being attacked, and at the same time part of the army was sent to plunder Roman territory and to make an attempt on the city itself, if fortune should give any chance. Liv. 3.5.3L. Valerius ad praesidium urbis relictus, cōnsul Postumius ad arcendās populātiōnēs fīnium missus.Lucius Valerius was left to guard the city; the consul Postumius was sent to keep raids from the borders. Liv. 3.5.3Nihil remissum ab ūllā parte cūrae aut labōris;Nothing was relaxed on any side in vigilance or toil; Liv. 3.5.4vigiliae in urbe, statiōnēs ante portās praesidiaque in mūrīs disposita et, quod necesse erat in tantō tumultū, iūstitium per aliquot diēs servātum.watches were posted in the city, outposts before the gates and garrisons on the walls, and, as was necessary in so great a tumult, a suspension of public business was kept for several days.

Liv. 3.5.5Interim in castrīs Fūrius cōnsul cum prīmō quiētus obsidiōnem passus esset, in incautum hostem decumānā portā ērūpit et, cum persequī posset, metū substitit, nē qua ex parte alterā in castra vīs fieret.Meanwhile in the camp the consul Furius, after at first enduring the siege quietly, burst out from the rear gate on the unwary enemy, and, though he could have pursued them, halted for fear that an assault might be made on the camp from some other side. Liv. 3.5.5Fūrium lēgātum — frāter īdem cōnsulis erat — longius extulit cursus;Furius the legate — he was also the consul's brother — was carried too far by his charge; Liv. 3.5.6nec suōs ille redeuntēs persequendī studiō neque hostium ab tergō incursum vīdit.in his eagerness for pursuit he saw neither his own men returning nor the enemy's attack from behind. Liv. 3.5.6Ita exclūsus multīs saepe frūstrā cōnātibus captīs, ut viam sibi ad castra faceret, ācriter dīmicāns cecidit, et cōnsul nūntiō circumventī frātris conversus ad pugnam, dum sē temerē magis quam satis cautē in mediam dīmicātiōnem īnfert, vulnere acceptō aegrē ab circumstantibus ēreptus et suōrum animōs turbāvit et ferōciōrēs hostēs fēcit;So, cut off, after often making many vain efforts to force a way for himself to the camp, he fell fighting fiercely; and the consul, turning back to the fight at the news that his brother was surrounded, while he threw himself into the thick of the struggle more rashly than cautiously enough, received a wound and was rescued with difficulty by those around him, and he both dismayed the spirits of his own men and made the enemy fiercer; Liv. 3.5.8quī caede lēgātī et cōnsulis vulnere accēnsī nūllā deinde vī sustinērī potuēre, cum conpulsī in castra Rōmānī rūrsus obsidērentur nec spē nec vīribus parēs, vēnissetque in perīculum summa rērum, nī T. Quīnctius peregrīnīs cōpiīs, Latīnō Hernicōque exercitū, subvēnisset.inflamed by the slaughter of the legate and the wounding of the consul, they could no longer be withstood by any force, since the Romans, driven into the camp, were again besieged, a match for the enemy neither in hope nor in strength, and the whole issue would have come into danger, had not Titus Quinctius come to the rescue with foreign forces, the army of the Latins and the Hernici.

Liv. 3.5.9Is intentōs in castra Rōmāna Aequōs lēgātīque caput ferōciter ostentantēs ab tergō adortus, simul ad signum ā sē procul ēditum ex castrīs ēruptiōne factā, magnam vim hostium circumvēnit.He attacked from behind the Aequi, who were intent on the Roman camp and were fiercely displaying the legate's head, and at the same time, as a sally was made from the camp at a signal given by him from afar, he surrounded a great number of the enemy. Liv. 3.5.9Minor caedēs, fuga effūsior Aequōrum in agrō fuit Rōmānō;Less slaughter but a more scattered flight was the lot of the Aequi in Roman territory; Liv. 3.5.10in quōs pālātōs praedam agentēs Postumius aliquot locīs, quibus opportūna inposuerat praesidia, impetum dedit.on these, as they straggled and drove off plunder, Postumius made an attack at several points where he had placed well-chosen detachments. Liv. 3.5.10Hī vagī dissipātō agmine fugientēs in Quīnctium victōrem cum sauciō cōnsule revertentem incidēre.These, fleeing in disorder with their column broken up, ran into Quinctius as he returned victorious with the wounded consul. Liv. 3.5.11Tum cōnsulāris exercitus ēgregiā pugnā cōnsulis vulnus, lēgātī et cohortium ultus est caedem.Then the consular army, by an outstanding fight, avenged the consul's wound and the slaughter of the legate and the cohorts.

Liv. 3.5.11Magnae clādēs ultrō citrōque illīs diēbus et inlātae et acceptae.Great losses were both inflicted and suffered on both sides in those days. Liv. 3.5.12Difficile ad fidem est in tam antīquā rē, quot pugnāverint ceciderintve, exāctō adfirmāre numerō;It is hard, in so ancient a matter, to state as a believable fact with an exact figure how many fought or fell; Liv. 3.5.12audet tamen Antiās Valerius concipere summās: Rōmānōrum cecidisse in Hernicō agrō quīnque mīlia octingentōs, ex praedātōribus Aequōrum, quī populābundī in fīnibus Rōmānīs vagābantur, ab A. Postumiō cōnsule duo mīlia et quadringentōs caesōs;yet Valerius Antias ventures to set down totals: that of the Romans five thousand eight hundred fell in Hernican territory; that of the Aequian plunderers who were roaming through Roman territory laying it waste, two thousand four hundred were killed by the consul Aulus Postumius; Liv. 3.5.13cēteram multitūdinem praedam agentem, quae inciderit in Quīnctium, nēquāquam parī dēfūnctam esse caede;that the rest of the multitude, driving off plunder, which ran into Quinctius, got off with nowhere near equal slaughter; Liv. 3.5.13interfecta inde quattuor mīlia et exequendō subtīliter numerum ducentōs ait et trīgintā.of these, he says, four thousand were killed and, tracing the number out precisely, two hundred and thirty.

Liv. 3.5.13Ut Rōmam reditum est, iūstitium remissum est.When they returned to Rome, the suspension of business was lifted. Liv. 3.5.14Caelum vīsum est ārdēre plūrimō ignī, portentaque alia aut obversāta oculīs aut vānās exterritīs ostentāvēre speciēs.The sky was seen to blaze with a great deal of fire, and other portents either appeared before people's eyes or showed empty apparitions to the terrified. Liv. 3.5.14Hīs āvertendīs terrōribus in trīduum fēriae indictae, per quās omnia dēlūbra pācem deum exposcentium virōrum mulierumque turbā inplēbantur.To avert these terrors a holiday of three days was proclaimed, during which all the shrines were filled with a crowd of men and women begging for the peace of the gods. Liv. 3.5.15Cohortēs inde Latīnae Hernicaeque ab senātū grātiīs ob inpigram mīlitiam āctīs remissae domōs.Then the Latin and Hernican cohorts, after the senate had thanked them for their energetic service, were sent back to their homes. Liv. 3.5.15Antiātēs mīlle mīlitēs, quia sērum auxilium post proelium vēnerant, prope cum ignōminiā dīmissī.The thousand soldiers from Antium, because they had come as a belated help after the battle, were dismissed almost in disgrace.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×6, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (258 words)
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
que, enclitic conj.and
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
illinc, adv.from there, on that side
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quia (conj.)because
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
carpō, -ere, -sī, -tuspluck
multifāriam (adv.)in many places, on many sides
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nōn, adv.not
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
omnis, -eall, every
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
ager, agri, m.field, land
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
urbs, urbis, f.city
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ūllus, -a, -umany
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
statiō, -ōnis f.outpost, picket
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumstation here and there, post
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
iūstitium, -ī n.suspension of legal and public business (in an emergency)
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
interim (adv.)meanwhile
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
prīmō, adv.at first
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
obsidiō, -ōnis f.siege, blockade; oppression
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
incautus, -a, -umoff one's guard, careless
decumānus, -a, -umof the tenth (porta decumāna: the rear gate of a camp)
ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst out, sally
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
subsistō, -ere, -stitīhalt, make a stand
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
frāter, frātris, m.brother
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
longē, adv.far
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
tergum, -ī, n.back
incursus, -ūs m.attack, onrush
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
exclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut out, hinder, prevent
saepe, adv.often, frequently
frūstrā, adv.in vain
cōnātus, -ūs, m.attempt, effort
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
via, -ae, f.road, way
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
temerē, adv.rashly
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cautē (adv.)carefully, cautiously
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
dīmicātiō, -ōnis f.fight, struggle, combat
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
circumstō, -stāre, -stetīstand around
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
deinde, adv.then, next
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive together, drive
rūrsus, adv.again
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
spēs, speī, f.hope
pār, parisequal
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
peregrīnus, -ī, m.stranger, foreigner
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
Hernicus, -a, -umof the Hernici, a people of Latium
subveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventuscome to help, rescue (+ dat.)
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
caput, capitis, n.head
ferōciter (adv.)fiercely, defiantly
ostentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshow, display; show off
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
ēruptiō, -ōnis f.sally, sortie
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
fuga, -ae, f.flight
effūsus, -a, -umspread out; lavish, extravagant; disorderly, headlong (flight)
pālor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, straggle
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
vagus, -a, -umwandering, roaming
dissipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumscatter
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
cum, prep, with abl.with
saucius, -a, -umwounded
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
tum, adv.then, at that time
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultusavenge
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
citrō (adv.)this way (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
tam, adv.so
antīquus, -a, -umancient
quot (indecl.)how many
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
numerus, -ī, m.number
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
concipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake in, conceive; plan, imagine
quīnquefive
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
octingentī, -ae, -aeight hundred
praedātor, -ōris m.plunderer, robber
populābundus, -a, -umplundering, on a raid
vagor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, roam
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
quadringentī, -ae, -afour hundred
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
nēquāquam (adv.)by no means, not at all
dēfungor, -fungī, -fūnctus sumfinish, be done with; dēfūnctus: dead
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
inde (adv.)from there; then
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
exsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumcarry out, enforce
subtīliter (adv.)precisely, minutely, with subtlety
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
trīgintā (indecl.)thirty
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
ignis, -is, m.fire
portentum, -ī n.omen, portent, marvel
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
obversor, -ārī, -ātus sumhover before (the eyes or mind)
oculus, -ī, m.eye
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
exterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten badly, terrify
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
trīduum, -ī n.three days
fēriae, -ārum f. pl.holidays, festival days
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
dēlūbrum, -ī n.shrine, sanctuary
pāx, pācis f.peace
deus, -ī, m.god
exposcō, -ere, -poposcīdemand earnestly, call for
vir, virī, m.man
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
turba, -ae f.crowd
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
senātus, -ūs m.senate
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
impiger (inp-), -gra, -grumenergetic, active
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
sērus, -a, -umlate
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.