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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.51

The armies elect military tribunes

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Liv. 3.51.1Dīmissīs lēgātīs admonet mīlitēs Verginius in rē nōn maximā paulō ante trepidātum esse, quia sine capite multitūdō fuerit, respōnsumque quamquam nōn inūtiliter, fortuītō tamen magis cōnsēnsū quam commūnī cōnsiliō esse.When the envoys had been dismissed, Verginius reminds the soldiers that a little earlier they had been thrown into confusion over no very great matter, because the multitude had been without a head, and that their answer, though not unhelpful, had come from chance agreement rather than common counsel. Liv. 3.51.2Placēre decem creārī, quī summae reī praeessent, mīlitārīque honōre tribūnōs mīlitum appellārī.He proposed that ten men be elected to take charge of affairs, and be called military tribunes, as a title of military honour. Liv. 3.51.3Cum ad eum ipsum prīmum is honōs dēferrētur, "meliōribus meīs vestrīsque rēbus reservāte" inquit "ista dē mē iūdicia;When that honour was offered first to him himself, he said, 'Reserve those judgements of yours about me for better times, mine and yours; Liv. 3.51.4nec mihi fīlia inulta honōrem ūllum iūcundum esse patitur, nec in perturbātā rē pūblicā eōs ūtile est praeesse vōbīs, quī proximī invidiae sint.my daughter, unavenged, does not allow any honour to be pleasant to me, nor, when the state is in turmoil, is it useful for men to be in charge of you who are the most exposed to resentment.

Liv. 3.51.5Sī quis ūsus meī est, nihilō minor ex prīvātō capiētur."If I am of any use, that use will be had no less from me as a private citizen.' Liv. 3.51.6Ita decem numerō tribūnōs mīlitārēs creant.So they elect military tribunes, ten in number. Liv. 3.51.6Neque in Sabīnīs quiēvit exercitus.Nor did the army among the Sabines stay quiet. Liv. 3.51.7Ibi quoque auctōre Iciliō Numitōriōque sēcessiō ab decemvirīs facta est nōn minōre mōtū animōrum Siccī caedis memoriā renovātā, quam quem nova fāma dē virgine adeō foedē ad libīdinem petītā accenderat.There too, on the initiative of Icilius and Numitorius, a secession from the decemvirs took place, with feelings stirred no less by the revived memory of the murder of Siccius than they had been inflamed by the fresh report of the maiden so foully sought for lust. Liv. 3.51.8Icilius, ubi audīvit tribūnōs mīlitum in Aventīnō creātōs, nē comitiōrum mīlitārium praerogātīvam urbāna comitia iīsdem tribūnīs plēbis creandīs sequerentur, perītus rērum populārium inminēnsque eī potestātī et ipse, priusquam īrētur ad urbem, parī potestāte eundem numerum ab suīs creandum cūrat.Icilius, when he heard that military tribunes had been elected on the Aventine, so that the city assembly, in electing tribunes of the plebs, should not follow the lead of the military assembly by choosing the same men, being experienced in popular politics and himself aspiring to that office, sees to it, before they went to the city, that the same number with equal power should be elected by his own men.

Liv. 3.51.10Portā Collīnā urbem intrāvēre sub signīs mediāque urbe agmine in Aventīnum pergunt.They entered the city by the Colline Gate under their standards and march in column through the middle of the city to the Aventine. Liv. 3.51.10Ibi coniūnctī alterī exercituī vīgintī tribūnīs mīlitum negōtium dedērunt, ut ex suō numerō duōs creārent, quī summae rērum praeessent.There, joining the other army, they charged the twenty military tribunes with electing two from their own number to take charge of affairs. Liv. 3.51.10M. Oppium, Sex. Mānīlium creant.They elect Marcus Oppius and Sextus Manilius. Liv. 3.51.11Patrēs sollicitī dē summā rērum, cum senātus cottīdiē esset, iūrgiīs saepius terunt tempus quam cōnsiliīs.The fathers, anxious for the state as a whole, though the senate met daily, spent their time more often in quarrels than in deliberation. Liv. 3.51.11Siccī caedēs decemvirīs et Appiāna libīdō et dēdecora mīlitiae obiciēbantur.The murder of Siccius, Appius' lust and the disgraces of the campaign were thrown in the decemvirs' faces. Liv. 3.51.12Placēbat Valerium Horātiumque īre in Aventīnum.It was resolved that Valerius and Horatius should go to the Aventine. Liv. 3.51.12Illī negābant sē aliter itūrōs, quam sī decemvirī dēpōnerent īnsignia magistrātūs eius, quō annō iam ante abīssent.They refused to go unless the decemvirs laid down the insignia of that office which they had already left behind the year before.

Liv. 3.51.13Decemvirī querentēs sē in ōrdinem cōgī nōn ante quam perlātīs lēgibus, quārum causā creātī essent, dēpositūrōs imperium sē Aiēbant.The decemvirs, complaining that they were being reduced to the ranks, said they would not lay down their authority before the laws for whose sake they had been appointed had been passed.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (162 words)
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nōn, adv.not
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quia (conj.)because
sine, prep. with abl.without
caput, capitis, n.head
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
que, enclitic conj.and
quamquam, conj.however much, although
inūtiliter, adv.uselessly; to no good purpose, harmfully
fortuītō (adv.)by chance, accidentally
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
decem, indecl. adj.ten
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
honor, -ōris, m.honor
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
bonus, -a, -umgood
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
vester, -tra, -trumyour
reservō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumkeep back, save
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
inultus, -a, -umunavenged; unpunished
ūllus, -a, -umany
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
perturbō, -turbāre, -turbāvi, -turbātusgreatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
vōsplur. of tū
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
nihilō (adv.)by nothing; nihilō minus: none the less, nevertheless
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
numerus, -ī, m.number
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
ibi, adv.in that place, there
quoque, adv.also
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
sēcessiō, -ōnis f.withdrawal, secession (of the plebs from Rome)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
memoria, -ae, f.memory
renovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
virgō, virginis, f.maiden
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
foedē, adv.foully, shamefully, disgracefully
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
praerogātīva, -ae f.prior choice, the vote of the century voting first; hence prior verdict, precedent
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
perītus, -a, -um (+ gen.)skilled, experienced (in)
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
urbs, urbis, f.city
pār, parisequal
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
Collīnus, -a, -umof the Quirinal hill; porta Collīna: the Colline Gate
intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgo within or into, enter
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
pater, patris, m.father
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
iūrgium, -ī n.quarrel, dispute
saepe, adv.often, frequently
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
Appiānus, -a, -umof Appius (Claudius), Appian
dēdecus, -decoris, n.dishonor, disgrace
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
dēpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput down, deposit; lay aside, give up; ē memoriā dēpōnere, to forget
īnsigne, -is n.badge, mark, decoration
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
annus, -ī, m.year
iam, adv.now, already
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
lēx, lēgis f.law
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.