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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.50

The army marches to the Aventine

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Liv. 3.50.1Itaque missī iūniōrēs patrum in castra, quae tum in monte Veciliō erant, nūntiant decemvirīs, ut omnī ope ab sēditiōne mīlitēs contineant.Accordingly younger senators were sent to the camp, which was then on Mount Vecilius, and they tell the decemvirs to keep the soldiers from mutiny by every means. Liv. 3.50.2Ibi Verginius maiōrem, quam relīquerat in urbe, mōtum excīvit.There Verginius stirred up a greater upheaval than he had left in the city. Liv. 3.50.3Nam praeterquam quod agmine prope quadringentōrum hominum veniēns, quī ab urbe indignitāte reī accēnsī comitēs eī sē dederant, cōnspectus est, strictum etiam tēlum respersusque ipse cruōre tōta in sē castra convertit.For besides being seen arriving with a column of nearly four hundred men, who, inflamed by the outrage of the affair, had joined him from the city as companions, the drawn knife and his own bloodstained person turned the whole camp towards him. Liv. 3.50.3Et togae multifāriam in castrīs vīsae maiōris aliquantō, quam erat, speciem urbānae multitūdinis fēcerant.And togas seen in many parts of the camp had given the impression of a city crowd considerably larger than it was. Liv. 3.50.4Quaerentibus, quid reī esset, flēns diū vōcem nōn mīsit;When they asked what had happened, he wept and for a long time uttered no word; Liv. 3.50.4tandem, ut iam ex trepidātiōne concurrentium turba cōnstitit ac silentium fuit, ōrdine cūncta, ut gesta erant, exposuit.at last, when the crowd running together had settled after its agitation and there was silence, he set out everything in order, as it had happened.

Liv. 3.50.5Supīnās deinde tendēns manūs commīlitōnēs appellāns ōrābat, nē, quod scelus Ap. Claudī esset, sibi attribuerent neu sē ut parricīdam līberum āversārentur.Then, stretching out his hands palms upward and appealing to his fellow soldiers, he begged them not to lay to his charge what was the crime of Appius Claudius, nor to shun him as the murderer of his child. Liv. 3.50.6Sibi vītam fīliae suā cāriōrem fuisse, sī līberae ac pudīcae vīvere licitum fuisset;His daughter's life would have been dearer to him than his own, if she had been allowed to live free and chaste; Liv. 3.50.6cum velut servam ad stuprum rapī vidēret, morte āmittī melius ratum quam contumēliā līberōs, misericordiā sē in speciem crūdēlitātis lapsum.when he saw her being carried off to rape like a slave, thinking it better for children to be lost by death than by disgrace, he had fallen through pity into the semblance of cruelty. Liv. 3.50.7Nec sē superstitem fīliae futūrum fuisse, nisi spem ulcīscendae mortis eius in auxiliō commīlitōnum habuisset.Nor would he have survived his daughter, had he not had hope of avenging her death in the help of his fellow soldiers.

Liv. 3.50.7Illīs quoque enim fīliās, sorōrēs coniugēsque esse, nec cum fīlia suā libīdinem Ap. Claudī extīnctam esse, sed quō inpūnītior sit, eō effrēnātiōrem fore.For they too had daughters, sisters and wives, and Appius Claudius' lust had not been extinguished with his daughter; rather, the more unpunished it was, the more unbridled it would be. Liv. 3.50.8Aliēnā calamitāte documentum datum illīs cavendae similis iniūriae.In another's calamity a lesson had been given them to guard against a similar wrong. Liv. 3.50.8Quod ad sē adtineat, uxōrem sibi fātō ēreptam, fīliam, quia nōn ultrā pudīca vīctūra fuerit, miseram, sed honestam mortem occubuisse;As far as he himself was concerned, his wife had been snatched from him by fate; his daughter, because she could no longer have lived chaste, had met a wretched but honourable death; Liv. 3.50.9nōn esse iam Appī libīdinī locum in domō suā;there was now no room for Appius' lust in his house; Liv. 3.50.9ab aliā violentiā eius eōdem sē animō suum corpus vindicātūrum, quō vindicāverit fīliae;from any further violence of his he would defend his own person with the same spirit with which he had defended his daughter's; Liv. 3.50.9cēterī sibi ac līberīs suīs cōnsulerent.the rest should look to themselves and their children.

Liv. 3.50.10Haec Verginiō vōciferantī succlāmābat multitūdō nec illīus dolōrī nec suae lībertātī sē dēfutūrōs.As Verginius shouted this, the multitude shouted back that they would fail neither his grief nor their own liberty. Liv. 3.50.10Et inmixtī turbae mīlitum togātī eadem illa querendō docendōque, quantō vīsa quam audīta indigniōra oportuerit vidērī, simul prōflīgātam iam rem nūntiandō Rōmae esse, īnsecūtīque, quī Appium prope interēmptum in exilium abīsse dīcerent, perpulērunt, ut ad arma conclāmārētur vellerentque signa et Rōmam proficīscerentur.And the civilians mingling with the crowd of soldiers, by making the same complaints and explaining how much more shameful these things must have seemed when seen than when heard, and at the same time by reporting that at Rome the business was already all but settled, and those who followed after, saying that Appius had been almost killed and had gone into exile, drove them to cry out 'To arms!', to pull up the standards and to set out for Rome. Liv. 3.50.12Decemvirī, simul iīs, quae vidēbant, iīsque quae ācta Rōmae audierant, perturbātī, alius in aliam partem castrōrum ad sēdandōs mōtūs discurrunt.The decemvirs, confounded both by what they saw and by what they had heard had been done at Rome, run off in different directions to different parts of the camp to quell the upheaval.

Liv. 3.50.12Et lēniter agentibus respōnsum nōn redditur;And when they acted gently, no answer is given; Liv. 3.50.12imperium sī quis inhibēret, et virōs et armātōs sē esse respondētur.if anyone tried to exert his authority, the answer is that they are men, and armed. Liv. 3.50.13Eunt agmine ad urbem et Aventīnum īnsīdunt, ut quisque occurrerat, plēbem ad repetendam lībertātem creandōsque tribūnōs plēbis adhortantēs.They go in column to the city and settle on the Aventine, urging the plebs, as each man met them, to regain their liberty and elect tribunes of the plebs. Liv. 3.50.13Alia vōx nūlla violenta audīta est.No other violent word was heard. Liv. 3.50.13Senātum Sp. Oppius habet.Spurius Oppius holds a meeting of the senate. Liv. 3.50.14Nihil placet asperē agī: quippe ab ipsīs datum locum sēditiōnī esse.It is decided that nothing should be done harshly: indeed, the occasion for sedition had been given by themselves. Liv. 3.50.15Mittuntur trēs lēgātī cōnsulārēs Sp. Tarpeius, C. Iūlius, P. Sulpicius, quī quaererent senātūs verbīs, cuius iussū castra dēseruissent, aut quid sibi vellent, quī armātī Aventīnum obsēdissent bellōque āversō ab hostibus patriam suam cēpissent.Three envoys of consular rank are sent, Spurius Tarpeius, Gaius Julius and Publius Sulpicius, to ask in the name of the senate on whose orders they had deserted the camp, or what they meant by occupying the Aventine in arms and by turning war away from the enemy and capturing their own country.

Liv. 3.50.16Nōn dēfuit, quod respondērētur;There was no lack of an answer to give; Liv. 3.50.16dēerat, quī daret respōnsum nūllōdum certō duce nec satis audentibus singulīs invidiae sē offerre.what was lacking was someone to give the answer, since there was as yet no definite leader, and individuals were not bold enough to expose themselves to resentment. Liv. 3.50.16Id modo ā multitūdine conclāmātum est ut, L Valerium. et M Horātium. ad sē mitterent iīs: sē datūrōs respōnsum responsum.Only this was shouted by the multitude, that they should send Lucius Valerius and Marcus Horatius to them: to these they would give their answer.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×5, indirect statement ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×8, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (241 words)
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
iūnior, -ius (comp. of iuvenis)younger; iūniōrēs: men of military age
pater, patris, m.father
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tum, adv.then, at that time
mōns, montis, m.mountain
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
omnis, -eall, every
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
ibi, adv.in that place, there
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
urbs, urbis, f.city
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
nam, conj.for
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
quod, conj.that, in that, because
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
quadringentī, -ae, -afour hundred
homō, hominis, m.man
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
indignitās, -ātis f.humiliation, indignity
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectusbehold, perceive, see
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
respergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersussprinkle, spatter
que, enclitic conj.and
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cruor, -ōris m.blood (shed), gore
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
multifāriam (adv.)in many places, on many sides
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētumweep
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
nōn, adv.not
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
iam, adv.now, already
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
trepidātiō, -ōnis f.alarm, agitation
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
turba, -ae f.crowd
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
supīnus, -a, -umlying on the back; (of hands) palms up, in prayer
deinde, adv.then, next
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
manus, -ūs, f.hand
commīlitō, -ōnis m.fellow soldier, comrade
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
attribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtumassign, allot
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
parricīda, -ae m.murderer of a parent; traitor, assassin
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
āversor, -ārī, -ātus sumturn away from, shun
vīta, -ae, f.life
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
sī, conj.if
līber, lībera, līberumfree
pudīcus, -a, -umchaste, modest, faithful
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
veluteven or just as, as
serva, -ae f.slave woman
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
stuprum, -ī n.debauchery, sexual crime
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
mors, mortīs, f.death
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
bene, adv.well; successfully
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
crūdēlitās, -ātis f.cruelty
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
superstes, -stitissurviving, outliving (dat.)
nisi, conj.if not, unless
spēs, speī, f.hope
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultusavenge
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quoque, adv.also
enim, conj.for
soror, -ōris, f.sister
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
cum, prep, with abl.with
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
sed, conj.but
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
impūnītus, -a, -umunpunished
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
effrēnātus, -a, -umunbridled, unrestrained
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
calamitās, -tātis, f.misfortune, calamity, disaster
documentum, -ī n.lesson, warning, example
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
attineō (adtineō), -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold fast; concern, matter (nihil attinet: it is no use, there is no point)
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
quia (conj.)because
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
occumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumfall, meet (death); morte occumbere: die
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
violentia, -ae f.violence, vehemence
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
corpus, corporis, n.body
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
vōciferor, -ārī, -ātus sumshout, cry out loudly
succlāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout in response, shout out
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
immisceō, -ēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix in; (reflexive) vanish into, mingle with
togātus, -a, -umwearing the toga; Gallia togata: Gaul this side of the Alps, whose people had Roman citizenship
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
prōflīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrout, defeat utterly
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
interimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptusdo away with, kill
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
perpellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive, push; prevail upon, induce
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
conclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshout out, cry out
vellō, -ere, vellī, vulsumpluck, pull
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
perturbō, -turbāre, -turbāvi, -turbātusgreatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
sēdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussettle, calm, put down
discurrō, -ere, -currī, -cursumrun in different directions, scatter
lēniter (adv.)gently
respōnsum, -ī, n.reply, answer, response
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
inhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold back, check, rein in
vir, virī, m.man
armātus, -a, -umarmed
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
īnsīdō, -ere, -sēdī, -sessussettle on; become fixed in
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
adhortor, -ārī, -ātus sumencourage, urge on
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
violentus, -a, -umviolent, forceful
senātus, -ūs m.senate
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
asperē (adv.)harshly, roughly, severely
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
verbum, -ī, n.word
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
volō, velle, voluīwish
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
bellum, -ī, n.war
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
nūllusdum, -adum, -umdumno one as yet, not a single one yet
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
modo, adv.only
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.