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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.49

Riot in the Forum

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Liv. 3.49.1Concitātur multitūdō partim atrōcitāte sceleris, partim spē per occāsiōnem repetendae lībertātis.The multitude is roused, partly by the atrocity of the crime, partly by the hope of seizing the opportunity to regain liberty. Liv. 3.49.2Appius nunc vocārī Icilium, nunc retractantem arripī, postrēmō, cum locus adeundī appāritōribus nōn darētur, ipse cum agmine patriciōrum iuvenum per turbam vādēns in vincula dūcī iubet.Appius orders Icilius first to be summoned, then, when he held back, to be seized, and at last, when his attendants were given no chance of getting at him, he himself, making his way through the crowd with a column of young patricians, orders him to be led off to prison. Liv. 3.49.3Iam circā Icilium nōn sōlum multitūdō, sed ducēs quoque multitūdinis erant, L. Valerius et M. Horātius, quī repulsō līctōre, sī iūre ageret, vindicāre sē ā prīvātō Icilium Aiēbant;By now there were around Icilius not only the multitude but also the multitude's leaders, Lucius Valerius and Marcus Horatius, who thrust back the lictor and said that if he was proceeding by law, they were defending Icilius against a private citizen; Liv. 3.49.3sī vim adferre cōnārētur, ibi quoque haud inparēs fore.if he tried to use force, there too they would be no unequal match.

Liv. 3.49.3Hinc atrōx rixa orītur.From this a fierce brawl arises. Liv. 3.49.4Valerium Horātiumque līctor decemvirī invādit;The decemvir's lictor attacks Valerius and Horatius; Liv. 3.49.4franguntur ā multitūdine fascēs.the fasces are broken by the multitude. Liv. 3.49.4In contiōnem Appius ēscendit;Appius mounts the platform to address the people; Liv. 3.49.4secuntur Horātius Valeriusque.Horatius and Valerius follow. Liv. 3.49.4Eōs cōntiō audit;The assembly listens to them; Liv. 3.49.5decemvirō obstrepitur.the decemvir is shouted down. Liv. 3.49.5Iam prō imperiō Valerius discēdere ā prīvātō līctōrēs iubēbat, cum frāctīs animīs Appius vītae metuēns in domum sē propinquam forō īnsciīs adversāriīs capite obvolūtō recipit.Valerius was already ordering the lictors, as though he held authority, to leave a private citizen, when Appius, his spirit broken and fearing for his life, takes refuge with his head covered in a house near the Forum, unseen by his opponents. Liv. 3.49.6Sp. Oppius, ut auxiliō collēgae esset, in forum ex alterā parte inrumpit.Spurius Oppius bursts into the Forum from the other side to help his colleague. Liv. 3.49.6Videt imperium vī victum.He sees authority overcome by force. Liv. 3.49.6Agitātus deinde cōnsiliīs, ad quae ex omnī parte adsentiendō multīs auctōribus trepidāverat, senātum postrēmō vocārī iussit.Then, tossed among plans, having wavered as he agreed with many advisers on every side, he at last ordered the senate to be summoned.

Liv. 3.49.7Ea rēs, quod magnae partī patrum displicēre ācta Decemvirōrum vidēbantur, spē per senātum fīniendae potestātis eius multitūdinem sēdāvit.This step, because the acts of the decemvirs seemed to displease a large part of the fathers, calmed the multitude with the hope that their power would be ended through the senate. Liv. 3.49.7Senātus nec plēbem inrītandam cēnsuit et multō magis prōvidendum, nē quid Verginiī adventus in exercitū mōtūs faceret.The senate decided that the plebs should not be provoked, and that much more care must be taken that Verginius' arrival should not cause any upheaval in the army.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×6, ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (126 words)
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
partim (adv.)partly (partim … partim: some … others)
atrōcitās, -ātis f.fierceness, harshness, cruelty
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
spēs, speī, f.hope
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
occāsiō, -ōnis, f.chance, opportunity
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
nunc, adv.now
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
retractō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle again, touch again
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
appāritor, -ōris m.attendant of a magistrate
nōn, adv.not
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cum, prep, with abl.with
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
patricius, -ī m.patrician, member of the old Roman nobility
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
turba, -ae f.crowd
vādō, -erego
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
iam, adv.now, already
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
sed, conj.but
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
quoque, adv.also
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsusdrive back or away, repulse, repel
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
sī, conj.if
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
cōnor, -ārī, -ātustry, attempt
ibi, adv.in that place, there
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
impār, imparisunequal, ill-matched
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
rixa, -ae f.brawl, quarrel
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
que, enclitic conj.and
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
fascis, -is m.bundle; pl. fascēs: the rods and axe carried before a magistrate
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
ēscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsumclimb up, go on board
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
obstrepō, -ere, -strepuīmake a noise against, shout down
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
vīta, -ae, f.life
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
īnscius, -a, -umnot knowing, unaware
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
caput, capitis, n.head
obvolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtuswrap up, cover
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
deinde, adv.then, next
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
omnis, -eall, every
assentior (adsentior), -īrī, -sēnsus sumagree, assent (to: dat.)
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
senātus, -ūs m.senate
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
quod, conj.that, in that, because
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pater, patris, m.father
displiceō, -ēre, -uī, -itumdisplease (+ dat.)
fīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusbound, limit; end
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
sēdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussettle, calm, put down
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.