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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.4

Antium wavers; a consul besieged

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Liv. 3.4.1Cōnsulēs inde A. Postumius Albus, Sp. Fūrius Fūsus.Then the consuls were Aulus Postumius Albus and Spurius Furius Fusus. Liv. 3.4.1Fūriōs Fūsiōs scrīpsēre quīdam;Some have written 'Furius' as 'Fusius'; Liv. 3.4.1id admoneō, nē quis inmūtātiōnem virōrum ipsōrum esse, quae nōminum est, putet.I mention this so that no one may think that what is a change of names is a change of the men themselves. Liv. 3.4.2Haud dubium erat, quīn cum Aequīs alter cōnsulum bellum gereret.There was no doubt that one of the consuls would wage war with the Aequi. Liv. 3.4.2Itaque Aequī ab Ecetrānīs Volscīs praesidium petiēre;And so the Aequi asked the Volscians of Ecetra for help; Liv. 3.4.2quō cupidē oblātō — adeō cīvitātēs eae perpetuō in Rōmānōs odiō certāvēre — bellum summā vī parābātur.this was eagerly offered — so constantly did those states vie in hatred of the Romans — and war was prepared with the utmost energy. Liv. 3.4.3Sentiunt Hernicī et praedīcunt Rōmānīs Ecetrānum ad Aequōs dēscīsse.The Hernici perceived it and warned the Romans that Ecetra had gone over to the Aequi. Liv. 3.4.3Suspecta et colōnia Antium fuit, quod magna vīs hominum inde, cum oppidum captum esset, cōnfūgisset ad Aequōs;The colony of Antium too was suspected, because a great number of people had fled from there to the Aequi when the town was captured; Liv. 3.4.3isque mīles per bellum Aequicum vel ācerrimus fuit.and these men were perhaps the fiercest soldiers throughout the Aequian war.

Liv. 3.4.4Conpulsīs deinde in oppida Aequīs ea multitūdō dīlāpsa cum Antium redīsset, suā sponte iam īnfīdōs colōnōs Rōmānīs abaliēnāvit.Later, when the Aequi had been driven into their towns, this multitude slipped away and returned to Antium, and estranged from the Romans colonists already disloyal of their own accord. Liv. 3.4.5Necdum mātūrā rē cum dēfectiōnem parārī dēlātum ad senātum esset, datum negōtium est cōnsulibus, ut prīncipibus colōniae Rōmam excitīs quaererent, quid reī esset.While the matter was not yet ripe, when it was reported to the senate that a revolt was being prepared, the consuls were given the task of summoning the leading men of the colony to Rome and inquiring what was going on. Liv. 3.4.6Quī cum haud gravātē vēnissent, intrōductī ā cōnsulibus ad senātum ita respondērunt ad interrogāta, ut magis suspectī quam vēnerant dīmitterentur.These came without reluctance, and when they had been brought before the senate by the consuls, they answered the questions in such a way that they were sent away more suspected than they had come. Liv. 3.4.6Bellum inde haud dubium habērī.From then on war was regarded as certain.

Liv. 3.4.7Sp. Fūrius, cōnsulum alter, cui ea prōvincia ēvēnerat, profectus in Aequōs Hernicōrum in agrō populābundum hostem invēnit ignārusque multitūdinis, quia nūsquam ūniversa cōnspecta fuerat, inparem cōpiīs exercitum temerē pugnae commīsit.Spurius Furius, one of the consuls, to whom that command had fallen, set out against the Aequi and found the enemy plundering in the territory of the Hernici; and, ignorant of their numbers, because they had nowhere been seen all together, he rashly committed to battle an army unequal to their forces. Liv. 3.4.8Prīmō concursū pulsus sē intrā castra recēpit.Driven back at the first clash, he withdrew within his camp. Liv. 3.4.8Neque is fīnis perīculī fuit;Nor was that the end of the danger; Liv. 3.4.8namque et proximā nocte et posterō diē tantā vī castra sunt circumsessa atque oppugnāta, ut nē nūntius quidem inde mittī Rōmam posset.for both the following night and the next day the camp was surrounded and attacked with such force that not even a messenger could be sent from there to Rome. Liv. 3.4.9Hernicī et male pugnātum et cōnsulem exercitumque obsidērī nūntiāvērunt tantumque terrōrem incussēre patribus, ut, quae fōrma senātūs cōnsultī ultimae semper necessitātis habita est, Postumiō, alterī cōnsulum, negōtium darētur, vidēret, nē quid rēs pūblica dētrīmentī caperet.The Hernici reported both that the battle had gone badly and that the consul and his army were under siege, and they struck such terror into the senators that Postumius, the other consul, was given the charge — the form of decree of the senate that has always been regarded as one of extreme necessity — to see to it that the state should suffer no harm.

Liv. 3.4.10Ipsum cōnsulem Rōmae manēre ad cōnscrībendōs omnēs, quī arma ferre possent, optimum vīsum est;It seemed best that the consul himself should remain at Rome to enrol all who could bear arms; Liv. 3.4.10prō cōnsule T. Quīnctium subsidiō castrīs cum sociālī exercitū mittī;that Titus Quinctius should be sent as proconsul to relieve the camp with an army of allies; Liv. 3.4.10ad eum explendum Latīnī Hernicīque et colōnia Antium dare Quīnctiō subitāriōs mīlitēs — ita tum repentīna auxilia appellābant — iussī.to fill it up, the Latins and Hernici and the colony of Antium were ordered to give Quinctius emergency soldiers — this is what they then called sudden reinforcements.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, ablative absolute ×3, purpose clauses ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (166 words)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
inde (adv.)from there; then
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
immūtātiō, -ōnis f.change, alteration
vir, virī, m.man
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
cum, prep, with abl.with
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
bellum, -ī, n.war
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
Ecetrānus, -a, -umof Ecetra, a Volscian town
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
cupidē (adv.; comp. cupidius)eagerly
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
perpetuō (adv.)for ever, permanently
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
odium, -ī, n.hatred
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
praedīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictussay beforehand, foretell, predict
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
dēscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītumbreak away, revolt, desert (from: ab)
suspectus, -a, -umsuspected, mistrusted
colōnia, -ae f.settlement, colony
quod, conj.that, in that, because
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
homō, hominis, m.man
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
oppidum, -ī, n.town
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
cōnfugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee for refuge
que, enclitic conj.and
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
Aequicus, -a, -umof the Aequi, Aequian
velor; vel … vel: either … or
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive together, drive
deinde, adv.then, next
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
dīlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslip away, melt away, scatter
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
iam, adv.now, already
īnfīdus, -a, -umunfaithful, treacherous
colōnus, -ī m.settler, colonist; farmer
abaliēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake hostile, turn away (from someone's side); estrange
necdum (adv.)and not yet, not yet
mātūrus, -a, -umripe
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
dēfectiō, -ōnis f.revolt, desertion
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
senātus, -ūs m.senate
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
gravātē (adv.)reluctantly, grudgingly; haud gravātē: readily
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
intrōdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumlead in, bring in
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
ager, agri, m.field, land
populābundus, -a, -umplundering, on a raid
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
quia (conj.)because
nūsquam, adv.nowhere
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectusbehold, perceive, see
impār, imparisunequal, ill-matched
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
temerē, adv.rashly
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
intrā, prep. with acc.within
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
namque, conj.for
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
nox, noctis, f.night
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
circumsedeō, -sedēre, -sēdī, -sessussit around, surround; besiege
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
male, adv.badly, ill
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
incutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusstrike into, inspire (fear) in (+ dat.)
pater, patris, m.father
fōrma, -ae, f.form, appearance; beauty
cōnsultum, -ī n.decree (senātūs cōnsultum: a decree of the Senate)
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
semper, adv.always
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
dētrīmentum, -ī n.loss, harm
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
omnis, -eall, every
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
bonus, -a, -umgood
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
sociālis, -esocial, companionable; of allies, allied; of alliance
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
subitārius, -a, -umhastily raised, emergency (troops)
tum, adv.then, at that time
repentīnus, -a, -umsudden
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.