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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.48

Verginius kills his daughter

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Liv. 3.48.1Decemvir, aliēnātus ad libīdinem animō, negat ex hesternō tantum convīciō Icilī violentiāque Verginī, cuius testem populum Rōmānum habeat, sed certīs quoque indiciīs conpertum sē habēre nocte tōtā coetūs in urbe factōs esse ad movendam sēditiōnem.The decemvir, his mind deranged by lust, says that not only from Icilius' abuse yesterday and Verginius' violence, for which he had the Roman people as witness, but also from sure information he has learned that meetings had been held in the city all night to stir up sedition. Liv. 3.48.2Itaque sē haud īnscium eius dīmicātiōnis cum armātīs dēscendisse, nōn ut quemquam quiētum violāret, sed ut turbantēs cīvitātis ōtium prō maiestāte imperiī coercēret.Therefore, not unaware of that struggle, he had come down with armed men, not to harm anyone who was peaceful, but to restrain those disturbing the peace of the state, as befitted the majesty of his office. Liv. 3.48.3"Proinde quiēsse erit melius;'So it will be better to keep quiet; Liv. 3.48.3ī" inquit, "līctor, submovē turbam et dā viam dominō ad prēndendum mancipium!"go, lictor,' he says, 'move back the crowd and make way for the master to seize his slave!' Liv. 3.48.3Cum haec intonuisset plēnus īrae, multitūdō ipsa sē suā sponte dīmōvit, dēsertaque praeda iniūriae puella stābat.When he had thundered this out, full of anger, the multitude of its own accord drew apart, and the girl stood abandoned, a prey to injustice.

Liv. 3.48.4Tum Verginius, ubi nihil usquam auxiliī vīdit, "quaesō" inquit, "Appī, prīmum ignōsce patriō dolōrī, sī quō inclēmentius in tē sum invectus;Then Verginius, when he saw no help anywhere, said, 'I beg you, Appius, first forgive a father's grief if I have attacked you at all too harshly; Liv. 3.48.4deinde sinās hīc cōram virgine nūtrīcem percontārī, quid hoc reī sit, ut, sī falsō pater dictus sum, aequiōre hinc animō discēdam."then allow me to question the nurse here in the maiden's presence about what this business is, so that, if I have been falsely called a father, I may leave here with a calmer mind.' Liv. 3.48.5Datā veniā sēdūcit fīliam ac nūtrīcem prope Cloācīnae ad tabernās, quibus nunc novīs est nōmen, atque ibi ab laniō cultrō arreptō "hōc tē ūnō quō possum" ait "modo, fīlia, in lībertātem vindicō."Permission given, he leads his daughter and the nurse aside, near the shrine of Cloacina, to the shops which now bear the name 'New', and there, snatching a knife from a butcher, he says, 'In this, the only way I can, my daughter, I claim your freedom.' Liv. 3.48.5Pectus deinde puellae trānsfīgit respectānsque ad tribūnal "tē" inquit, "Appī, tuumque caput sanguine hōc cōnsecrō."Then he pierces the girl's breast and, looking back at the tribunal, says, 'You, Appius, and your head I devote with this blood.' Liv. 3.48.6Clamōre ad tam atrōx facinus ortō excitus Appius conprendī Verginium iubet.As a shout went up at so dreadful a deed, Appius, roused by it, orders Verginius to be seized.

Liv. 3.48.6Ille ferrō quācumque ībat viam facere, dōnec multitūdine etiam prōsequentium tuente ad portam perrēxit.He made a way with the knife wherever he went, until, protected also by the multitude following him, he reached the gate. Liv. 3.48.7Icilius Numitōriusque exangue corpus sublātum ostentant populō;Icilius and Numitorius lift up the bloodless body and display it to the people; Liv. 3.48.7scelus Appī, puellae īnfēlīcem fōrmam, necessitātem patris dēplōrant.they lament Appius' crime, the girl's ill-starred beauty, the father's necessity. Liv. 3.48.7Sequentēs clāmitant mātronae: eamne līberōrum prōcreandōrum condiciōnem, ea pudīcitiae praemia esse?, cētera, quae in tālī rē muliebris dolor, quō est maestior inbēcillō animō, eō miserābilia magis querentibus subicit.The matrons follow, crying out: was this the condition on which children were brought into the world, were these the rewards of chastity? — and the other laments which in such a case a woman's grief prompts, all the more pitiable to those who utter them as it is the more sorrowful in a weaker spirit. Liv. 3.48.9Virōrum et maximē Icilī vōx tōta tribūniciae potestātis ac prōvocātiōnis ad populum ēreptae pūblicārumque indignātiōnum erat.The talk of the men, and above all of Icilius, was wholly of the tribunes' power and the appeal to the people that had been snatched away, and of public grievances.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×4, purpose clauses ×3, ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (192 words)
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
aliēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake another's; estrange; (of the mind) unsettle
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hesternus, -a, -umof yesterday, yesterday's,
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
convīcium, -ī n.loud noise, wrangling; abuse
violentia, -ae f.violence, vehemence
que, enclitic conj.and
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
testis, -is m./f.witness
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sed, conj.but
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
quoque, adv.also
indicium, -ī n.information, evidence; an informer's report
comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertumfind out, learn
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
nox, noctis, f.night
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
coetus, -ūs m.meeting, gathering, assembly
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
īnscius, -a, -umnot knowing, unaware
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dīmicātiō, -ōnis f.fight, struggle, combat
cum, prep, with abl.with
armātus, -a, -umarmed
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
nōn, adv.not
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
coerceō, -ēre, coercuī, coercitumrestrain, keep in check
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
bonus, -a, -umgood
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
submoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtumdrive back
turba, -ae f.crowd
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
via, -ae, f.road, way
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
prēndō, -ere, prēndī, prēnsumgrasp, take hold of
mancipium, -ī n.a slave (as property); formal purchase, ownership
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
intonō, -āre, -uīthunder
plēnus, -a, -umfull
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
dīmoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove apart, stir aside
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
puella, -ae, f.girl, maiden
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
tum, adv.then, at that time
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
usquam (adv.)anywhere
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quaesō (defective)I beg, please
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
sī, conj.if
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
inclēmenter (adv.)harshly, severely
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
invehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry in; (pass.) attack (in words): invehī in + acc., to inveigh against
deinde, adv.then, next
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
cōram (adv.)face to face, in person
virgō, virginis, f.maiden
nūtrīx, -īcis f.nurse
percontor, -ārī, -ātus suminquire, question closely
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
falsō (adv.)falsely, wrongly
pater, patris, m.father
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
venia, -ae f.pardon, forgiveness
sēdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductuslead astray, deceive
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
taberna, -ae f.hut; shop, stall
nunc, adv.now
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
ibi, adv.in that place, there
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
laniō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces, mangle
culter, cultrī, m.knife
arripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch up
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
modo, adv.only
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxusthrust or pierce through, transfix
respectō, -ārelook back at; regard, care for
tribūnal, -ālis n.platform, tribunal (where a magistrate sat to judge)
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
caput, capitis, n.head
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
cōnsecrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake sacred, consecrate
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
tam, adv.so
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
exciō, -īre, -cīvī, -citusrouse, stir up; summon
comprehendō, -prehendere, -prehendī, -prehēnsusseize, catch
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
quācumque (adv.)wherever, by whatever way
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
prōsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow forward, follow
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
exsanguis, -ebloodless, pale, deathly white
corpus, corporis, n.body
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
ostentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshow, display; show off
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj.unhappy, unfortunate
fōrma, -ae, f.form, appearance; beauty
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
dēplōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātuslament
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
clāmitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall out
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
prōcreō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbeget, bring forth
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
pudīcitia, -ae f.chastity, modesty
praemium, -ī, n.reward
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
tālis, -esuch
muliebris, -eof a woman, womanly; (n. pl.) a woman's part
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
imbēcillus, -a, -umweak, feeble
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
miserābilis, -epitiable, wretched
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
vir, virī, m.man
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
prōvocātiō, -ōnis f.appeal (to the people against a magistrate's sentence)
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
indignātiō, -ōnis f.indignation, resentment
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.