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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.47

Appius awards Verginia to Claudius

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Liv. 3.47.1At in urbe prīmā lūce cum cīvitās in forō expectātiōne ērēcta stāret, Verginius sordidātus fīliam sēcum obsolētā veste comitantibus aliquot mātronīs cum ingentī advocātiōne in forum dēdūcit.But in the city at first light, as the citizens stood in the Forum, keyed up with expectation, Verginius, in mourning clothes, leads his daughter, also in shabby clothing, down into the Forum, attended by several matrons and with a huge body of supporters. Liv. 3.47.2Circumīre ibi et prēnsāre hominēs coepit et nōn ōrāre sōlum precāriam opem, sed prō dēbitā petere: sē prō līberīs eōrum ac coniugibus cottīdiē in aciē stāre, nec alium virum esse, cuius strēnuē ac fortiter facta in bellō plūra memorārī possent;There he began to go round and grasp men's hands, and to ask for help not only as a favour but as something owed: he stood in the battle line every day for their children and wives, nor was there any other man whose brave and vigorous deeds in war could be recounted in greater number; Liv. 3.47.2quid prōdesse, sī incolumī urbe, quae captā ultima timeantur, līberīs suīs sint patienda?what good was it if, while the city was unharmed, his children had to suffer what is feared as the worst when a city is captured?

Liv. 3.47.3Haec prope cōntiōnābundus circumībat hominēs.Saying such things, almost as if haranguing an assembly, he went round among the people. Liv. 3.47.4Similia hīs ab Iciliō iactābantur.Similar words were thrown out by Icilius. Liv. 3.47.4Comitātus muliebris plūs tacitō flētū quam ūlla vōx movēbat.The company of women moved people more by their silent weeping than any words could. Liv. 3.47.4Adversus quae omnia obstinātō animō Appius — tanta vīs āmentiae vērius quam amōris mentem turbāverat — in tribūnal ēscendit, et ultrō querente pauca petītōre, quod iūs sibi prīdiē per ambitiōnem dictum nōn esset, priusquam aut ille postulātum perageret aut Verginiō respondendī darētur locus, Appius interfātur.Against all this Appius, with obstinate mind — such a force of madness, more truly than of love, had disordered his wits — mounts the tribunal, and when the claimant had gone so far as to complain briefly that justice had not been done him the day before through partisanship, before he could complete his demand or Verginius be given a chance to reply, Appius interrupts. Liv. 3.47.4Quem dēcrētō sermōnem praetenderit, forsan aliquem vērum auctōrēs antīquī trādiderint;Perhaps the ancient authorities have handed down some genuine speech that he put forward to justify his decree; Liv. 3.47.5quia nūsquam ūllum in tantā foeditāte dēcrētī vērī similem inveniō, id, quod cōnstat, nūdum vidētur prōpōnendum, dēcrēsse vindiciās secundum servitūtem.since I find none anywhere that is credible in a decree so foul, it seems that I must set out the bare fact that is agreed on: that he awarded custody in favour of slavery.

Liv. 3.47.6Prīmō stupor omnēs admīrātiōne reī tam atrōcis dēfīxit;At first astonishment at so atrocious an act struck everyone motionless; Liv. 3.47.6silentium inde aliquamdiū tenuit.then silence held for some time. Liv. 3.47.6Dein, cum M. Claudius circumstantibus mātronīs īret ad prēndendam virginem lāmentābilisque eum mulierum complōrātiō excēpisset, Verginius intentāns in Appium manūs "Iciliō" inquit, "Appī, nōn tibi fīliam dēspondī et ad nūptiās, nōn ad stuprum ēducāvī.Then, as Marcus Claudius, with the matrons standing round, was going to seize the maiden, and the women's pitiful wailing had greeted him, Verginius, stretching out his hands threateningly towards Appius, said, 'It was to Icilius, Appius, not to you, that I betrothed my daughter, and I brought her up for marriage, not for rape. Liv. 3.47.7Placet pecudum ferārumque rītū prōmiscuē in concubitūs ruere?Is it your pleasure to rush into coupling indiscriminately, in the manner of cattle and wild beasts? Liv. 3.47.7Passūrīne haec istī sint, nesciō;Whether these men here will endure it, I do not know; Liv. 3.47.7nōn spērō esse passūrōs illōs, quī arma habent."I do not expect that those who have weapons will endure it.' Liv. 3.47.8Cum repellerētur adsertor virginis ā globō mulierum circumstantiumque advocātōrum, silentium factum per praecōnem.As the maiden's claimant was being pushed back by the knot of women and the supporters standing round, silence was proclaimed by the herald.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (181 words)
at, conj.but
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
lūx, lūcis, f.light
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
exspectātiō (expectātiō), -ōnis f.expectation, anticipation, suspense
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
sordidātus, -a, -umin shabby clothes, dressed in mourning (as a defendant seeking sympathy)
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
obsolētus, -a, -umworn out, cheapened, commonplace
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
comitor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccompany, follow
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
cum, prep, with abl.with
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
advocātiō, -ōnis f.a body of supporters in court; legal assistance, advocacy, a case pleaded
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
ibi, adv.in that place, there
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
prēnsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgrasp; canvass (by shaking hands)
homō, hominis, m.man
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
nōn, adv.not
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
precārius, -a, -umobtained by entreaty, held on sufferance; uncertain
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
sed, conj.but
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
vir, virī, m.man
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
strēnuē (adv.)vigorously, actively, energetically
fortiter, adv.bravely
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
bellum, -ī, n.war
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
sī, conj.if
incolumis, -eunhurt, safe
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
cōntiōnābundus, -a, -umharanguing, speaking as if to a public meeting
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
comitātus, -ūs m.escort, retinue, company
muliebris, -eof a woman, womanly; (n. pl.) a woman's part
plūs (adv.)more
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
flētus, -ūs m.weeping
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ūllus, -a, -umany
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
omnis, -eall, every
obstinātus, -a, -umdetermined, stubborn
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
āmentia, -ae, f.madness
vērē (adv.)truly, really
amor, -ōris, m.love
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
tribūnal, -ālis n.platform, tribunal (where a magistrate sat to judge)
ēscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsumclimb up, go on board
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
petītor, -ōris m.candidate (for office)
quod, conj.that, in that, because
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
prīdiē (adv.)the day before
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
postulātum, -ī n.demand, request
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
interfor, -fārī, -fātus suminterrupt
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
dēcrētum, -ī n.decision, decree
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
praetendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentushold out in front; put forward, make a pretext of
forsan (adv.)perhaps
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
antīquus, -a, -umancient
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
quia (conj.)because
nūsquam, adv.nowhere
foeditās, -ātis f.foulness, hideousness
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
vindiciae, -ārum f. pl.interim possession of disputed property (or person) awarded by a magistrate; vindiciās dare secundum lībertātem: rule for freedom pending trial
secundum (prep. + acc.)after, besides; along
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
prīmō, adv.at first
stupor, -ōris m.astonishment, amazement
admīrātiō, -ōnis f.wonder, admiration
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
tam, adv.so
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
dēfīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxusdrive in, fix firmly
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
inde (adv.)from there; then
aliquam diū (adv.)for some time
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
deinde, adv.then, next
circumstō, -stāre, -stetīstand around
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prēndō, -ere, prēndī, prēnsumgrasp, take hold of
virgō, virginis, f.maiden
lāmentābilis, -elamentable, mournful
que, enclitic conj.and
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
complōrātiō (conplōrātiō), -ōnis f.loud lamentation, wailing
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
intentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusaim at, threaten (something at someone)
manus, -ūs, f.hand
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
dēspondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -spōnsuspromise in marriage, betroth
nūptiae, -ārum f. pl.wedding, marriage
stuprum, -ī n.debauchery, sexual crime
ēducō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring up, rear, raise (children)
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
rītus, -ūs m.rite, ceremony; custom, manner
prōmiscuē (adv.)together, without distinction
concubitus, -ūs m.lying together, sexual union, mating
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsusdrive back or away, repulse, repel
assertor (adsertor), -ōris m.champion, liberator, defender
globus, -ī m.ball; band, group of people
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
praecō, -ōnis m.herald, crier
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.