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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.46

Verginia's case is adjourned

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Liv. 3.46.1Concitāta multitūdō erat certāmenque īnstāre vidēbātur.The multitude had been roused, and a struggle seemed imminent. Liv. 3.46.1Līctōrēs Icilium circumsteterant;The lictors had surrounded Icilius; Liv. 3.46.1nec ultrā minās tamen prōcessum est, cum Appius nōn Verginiam dēfendī ab Iciliō, sed inquiētum hominem et tribūnātum etiam nunc spīrantem locum sēditiōnis quaerere dīceret.yet matters went no further than threats, since Appius said that it was not Verginia who was being defended by Icilius, but that a restless man, still breathing the spirit of the tribunate even now, was looking for an occasion for sedition. Liv. 3.46.3Nōn praebitūrum sē illī eō diē māteriam;He would not furnish him with material that day; Liv. 3.46.3sed ut iam scīret nōn id petulantiae suae, sed Verginiō absentī et patriō nōminī et lībertātī datum, iūs eō diē sē nōn dictūrum neque dēcrētum interpositūrum;but so that he might know now that this concession was made not to his insolence but to the absent Verginius, to the name of father and to liberty, he would not try the case that day nor issue a decree; Liv. 3.46.3ā M. Claudiō petītūrum, ut dēcēderet iūre suō vindicārīque puellam in posterum diem paterētur;he would ask Marcus Claudius to give up his right and allow the girl to be claimed as free until the following day; Liv. 3.46.4quod nisi pater posterō diē adfuisset, dēnūntiāre sē Iciliō similibusque Icilī, neque lēgī suae lātōrem neque decemvirō cōnstantiam dēfore.but unless the father appeared the next day, he gave notice to Icilius and to men like Icilius that neither would the law lack its author nor the decemvir his firmness.

Liv. 3.46.4Nec sē utique collēgārum līctōrēs convocātūrum ad coercendōs sēditiōnis auctōrēs;Nor would he in any case call together his colleagues' lictors to restrain the authors of sedition; Liv. 3.46.4contentum sē suīs līctōribus fore.he would be content with his own lictors. Liv. 3.46.5Cum dīlātum tempus iniūriae esset sēcessissentque advocātī puellae, placuit omnium prīmum frātrem Icilī fīliumque Numitōrī, inpigrōs iuvenēs, pergere inde rēctā ad portam, et, quantum accelerārī posset, Verginium accīrī ē castrīs: in eō vertī puellae salūtem, sī posterō diē vindex iniūriae ad tempus praestō esset.When the time for the injustice had been put off and the girl's supporters had withdrawn, it was decided first of all that Icilius' brother and Numitorius' son, energetic young men, should go straight from there to the gate, and that Verginius should be fetched from the camp as fast as could be managed: the girl's safety turned on this, whether the avenger of the injustice should be at hand in time the next day. Liv. 3.46.6Iussī pergunt citātīsque equīs nūntium ad patrem perferunt.They go as ordered and, riding at full speed, carry the message to the father.

Liv. 3.46.6Cum īnstāret adsertor puellae, ut vindicāret spōnsōrēsque daret, atque id ipsum agī dīceret Icilius sēdulō tempus terēns, dum praeciperent iter nūntiī missī in castra, manūs tollere undique multitūdō et sē quisque parātum ad spondendum Iciliō ostendere.When the claimant pressed Icilius to make his claim and give sureties, and Icilius said that this was exactly what he was doing, deliberately wasting time until the messengers sent to the camp had got a head start on their journey, the multitude raised their hands on every side, and each man showed Icilius that he was ready to stand surety. Liv. 3.46.8Atque ille lacrimābundus " grātum est" inquit;And he, in tears, said, 'I am grateful; Liv. 3.46.8"crāstinā diē vestrā operā ūtar, spōnsōrum nunc satis est."tomorrow I shall make use of your help; for now there are sureties enough.' Liv. 3.46.8Ita vindicātur Verginia spondentibus propinquīs.So Verginia is claimed as free, with her kinsmen standing surety. Liv. 3.46.9Appius paulisper morātus, nē eius reī causā sēdisse vidērētur, postquam omissīs rēbus aliīs prae cūrā ūnīus nēmō adībat, domum sē recēpit collēgīsque in castra scrībit, nē Verginiō commeātum dent atque etiam in custōdiā habeant.Appius waited a little while, so as not to seem to have sat for the sake of that case; then, when no one approached him, since all other business had been dropped out of concern for one, he went home and wrote to his colleagues in the camp not to grant Verginius leave and even to keep him under guard.

Liv. 3.46.10Inprobum cōnsilium sērum, ut dēbuit, fuit, et iam commeātū sūmptō profectus Verginius prīmā vigiliā erat, cum posterō diē māne dē retinendō eō nēquīquam litterae redduntur.The wicked plan came too late, as it deserved to, and Verginius had already been granted leave and set out at the first watch, when the letter about detaining him was delivered, to no purpose, early the next morning.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×3, ablative absolute ×4, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (168 words)
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
que, enclitic conj.and
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
circumstō, -stāre, -stetīstand around
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
nōn, adv.not
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
sed, conj.but
inquiētus, -a, -umrestless
homō, hominis, m.man
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
tribūnātus, -ūs m.tribuneship, office of tribune (military or of the people)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
nunc, adv.now
spīrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbreathe; (of wind) blow
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
iam, adv.now, already
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
petulantia, -ae f.insolence, wantonness
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
absēns, -entisabsent, away
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
dēcrētum, -ī n.decision, decree
interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput between; bring forward (an excuse)
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
puella, -ae, f.girl, maiden
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nisi, conj.if not, unless
pater, patris, m.father
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
dēnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumannounce, declare; warn
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
lēx, lēgis f.law
lātor, -ōris m.proposer (of a law)
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
utique (adv.)certainly, by all means; yes indeed
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
convocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall together, summon, assemble
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
coerceō, -ēre, coercuī, coercitumrestrain, keep in check
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
contentus, -a, -umcontent, satisfied (+ abl.)
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
sēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw
advocātus, -ī m.supporter in court, legal adviser, counsel; helper, friend called in
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
omnis, -eall, every
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
frāter, frātris, m.brother
fīlius, -ī, m.son
impiger (inp-), -gra, -grumenergetic, active
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
inde (adv.)from there; then
rēctā (adv.)straight, directly (sc. viā)
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
quantum, adv.how much? how?
accelerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushurry, hasten
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
acciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussummon, send for
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
sī, conj.if
vindex, -icis m.avenger, punisher; protector
praestō (adv.)at hand, ready (praestō esse, to be on hand)
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
citō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in motion, urge on; citātus: swift, rushing
equus, -ī, m.horse
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
assertor (adsertor), -ōris m.champion, liberator, defender
spōnsor, -ōris m.guarantor, surety
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sēdulō (adv.)busily, diligently
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
manus, -ūs, f.hand
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
undique, adv.from or on all sides
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
spondeō, -ēre, spopondī, spōnsuspromise solemnly; stand surety, guarantee (a debt)
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
lacrimābundus, -a, -umweeping, in tears
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
crāstinus, -a, -umof tomorrow; in crāstinum (diem): on the next day
vester, -tra, -trumyour
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
paulisper (adv.)for a short time
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
custōdia, -ae f.guard, protection
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
sērus, -a, -umlate
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
māne, adv.in the morning, early in the morning
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.