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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.45

Appius' ruling and Icilius' defiance

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Liv. 3.45.1Appius dēcrētō praefātur, quam lībertātī fāverit, eam ipsam lēgem dēclārāre, quam Verginī amīcī postulātiōnī suae praetendant;Appius prefaces his decree by saying that the very law which Verginius' friends were holding up as a pretext for their demand showed how far he had favoured liberty; Liv. 3.45.2cēterum ita in eā firmum lībertātī fore praesidium, sī nec causīs nec persōnīs variet;but liberty would have a firm protection in it only if it did not vary with cases or persons; Liv. 3.45.2in iīs enim, quī adserantur in lībertātem, quia quīvīs lēge agere possit, id iūris esse;for in the case of those who were claimed as free, that was indeed the rule, because anyone at all could take action at law; Liv. 3.45.2in eā, quae in patris manū sit, nēminem esse alium, cui dominus possessiōne cēdat;in the case of a girl who was in her father's power, there was no one else to whom the master should yield possession; Liv. 3.45.3placēre itaque patrem arcessīrī, intereā iūris suī iactūram adsertōrem nōn facere, quīn dūcat puellam sistendamque in adventum eius, quī pater dīcātur, prōmittat.he therefore ruled that the father should be summoned, and that meanwhile the claimant should not suffer the loss of his right, but should take the girl away and promise that she would be produced on the arrival of the man said to be her father.

Liv. 3.45.4Adversus iniūriam dēcrētī cum multī magis fremerent, quam quisquam ūnus recūsāre audēret, P. Numitōrius, puellae avus, et spōnsus Icilius interveniunt;When many were muttering against the injustice of the decree, rather than any one man daring to refuse it, Publius Numitorius, the girl's grandfather, and Icilius, her betrothed, intervene; Liv. 3.45.4datāque inter turbam viā, cum multitūdō Icilī maximē interventū resistī posse Appiō crēderet, līctor dēcrēsse ait vōciferantemque Icilium submovet.and when a way had been made for them through the crowd, since the multitude believed that Appius could best be resisted through Icilius' intervention, the lictor says that judgement has been given and moves Icilius aside as he protests loudly. Liv. 3.45.6Placidum quoque ingenium tam atrōx iniūria accendisset.So savage an injustice would have inflamed even a placid temper. Liv. 3.45.6"Ferrō hinc tibi submovendus sum, Appī," inquit, "ut tacitum ferās, quod cēlārī vīs.'You will have to remove me from here with the sword, Appius,' he says, 'if you are to have silence about what you want kept hidden. Liv. 3.45.7Virginem ego hanc sum ductūrus nūptamque pudīcam habitūrus.I am going to marry this maiden and to have her as a chaste wife.

Liv. 3.45.7Proinde omnēs collēgārum quoque līctōrēs convocā;So call together all your colleagues' lictors too; Liv. 3.45.7expedīrī virgās et secūrēs iubē;order the rods and axes to be made ready; Liv. 3.45.7nōn manēbit extrā domum patris spōnsa Icilī.the betrothed of Icilius shall not stay outside her father's house. Liv. 3.45.8Nōn, sī tribūnicium auxilium et prōvocātiōnem plēbī Rōmānae, duās arcēs lībertātis tuendae, adēmistis, ideō in līberōs quoque nostrōs coniugēsque regnum vestrae libīdinī datum est.Even if you have taken away from the Roman plebs the help of the tribunes and the right of appeal, the two citadels for defending liberty, it does not follow that a tyranny over our children and wives as well has been granted to your lust. Liv. 3.45.9Saevīte in tergum et in cervīcēs nostrās;Rage against our backs and our necks; Liv. 3.45.9pudīcitia saltem in tūtō sit!let chastity at least be safe! Liv. 3.45.9Huic sī vīs adferētur, ego praesentium Quirītium prō spōnsā, Verginius mīlitum prō ūnicā fīlia, omnēs deōrum hominumque inplōrābimus fidem, neque tū istud umquam dēcrētum sine caede nostrā referēs.If violence is offered to her, I shall call on the good faith of the citizens here present on behalf of my betrothed, Verginius on that of the soldiers on behalf of his only daughter, and all of us on that of gods and men, nor will you ever carry out that decree of yours without our blood.

Liv. 3.45.10Postulō, Appī, etiam atque etiam cōnsīderēs, quō prōgrediāre.I demand, Appius, that you consider again and again where you are heading. Liv. 3.45.11Verginius vīderit dē fīlia, ubi vēnerit, quid agat;Let Verginius see to what he does about his daughter when he comes; Liv. 3.45.11hoc tantum sciat, sibi, sī huius vindiciīs cesserit, condiciōnem fīliae quaerendam esse.let him know only this, that if he yields to this man's claim, he will have to look for another match for his daughter. Liv. 3.45.11Mē vindicantem spōnsam in lībertātem vīta citius dēseret quam fidēs."As for me, in claiming my betrothed's freedom, life will sooner fail me than loyalty.'

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (176 words)
dēcrētum, -ī n.decision, decree
praefor, -fārī, -fātus sumsay beforehand; invoke at the outset; praefātus dīvōs: first calling on the gods
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautum (+ dat.)favour, support
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
lēx, lēgis f.law
dēclārō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake clear, declare
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
postulātiō, -ōnis f.request, demand
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
praetendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentushold out in front; put forward, make a pretext of
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
sī, conj.if
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
persōna, -ae f.mask; character, role; personal standing
variō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusvary; differ, disagree
enim, conj.for
assero (adserō), -ere, -seruī, -sertumlay claim to, claim
quia (conj.)because
quīvīs, quaevīs, quodvīsany you like, any whatever
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
pater, patris, m.father
manus, -ūs, f.hand
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
possessiō, -ōnis f.property, possession
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
iactūra, -ae f.loss, sacrifice; expense
assertor (adsertor), -ōris m.champion, liberator, defender
nōn, adv.not
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
puella, -ae, f.girl, maiden
sistō, -ere, stitī, statusstop, halt; set up
que, enclitic conj.and
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or put forth, promise
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
fremō, -ere, -uī, -itumroar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at)
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
recūsō, -cūsāre, -cūsāvī, -cūsātusgive a reason against, refuse
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
avus, -ī, m.grandfather
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
spōnsus, -ī m.bridegroom
interveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumcome in between, arrive in the middle of things
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
turba, -ae f.crowd
via, -ae, f.road, way
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
interventus, -ūs m.coming on, intervention
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
vōciferor, -ārī, -ātus sumshout, cry out loudly
submoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtumdrive back
placidus, -a, -umcalm, gentle
quoque, adv.also
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
tam, adv.so
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
cēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushide, conceal
volō, velle, voluīwish
virgō, virginis, f.maiden
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nūpta, -ae f.bride, wife
pudīcus, -a, -umchaste, modest, faithful
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
omnis, -eall, every
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
convocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall together, summon, assemble
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
virga, -ae f.rod, stick, staff
secūris, -is f.axe (the axes in the fasces, sign of Roman power)
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
spōnsa, -ae f.bride
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
prōvocātiō, -ōnis f.appeal (to the people against a magistrate's sentence)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
ideō (adv.)for that reason, therefore
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
noster, -tra, -trumour
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
vester, -tra, -trumyour
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
tergum, -ī, n.back
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
pudīcitia, -ae f.chastity, modesty
saltem (adv.)at least
tūtum, -ī n.safety, a safe place; in tūtō: in safety
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
Quirītēs, -ium m. pl.Quirites, the Roman citizens in their civil capacity (used in addressing the people)
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ūnicus, -a, -umone and only; unique, unequalled
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
deus, -ī, m.god
homō, hominis, m.man
implōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbeg for, appeal for
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
umquam, adv.ever
sine, prep. with abl.without
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
cōnsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at closely, consider, think over
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
prōgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo forward, advance
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
vindiciae, -ārum f. pl.interim possession of disputed property (or person) awarded by a magistrate; vindiciās dare secundum lībertātem: rule for freedom pending trial
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
vīta, -ae, f.life
citō (adv.; comp. citius)quickly, soon; citius: more quickly, without delay
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.