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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.42

Defeats at Eretum and Algidus

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Liv. 3.42.1Nihilō mīlitiae quam domī melius rēs pūblica administrāta est.The state was administered no better in the field than at home. Liv. 3.42.2Illa modo in ducibus culpa, quod, ut odiō essent cīvibus, fēcerant;The only fault in the generals was that they had made themselves hated by the citizens; Liv. 3.42.2alia omnis penes mīlitēs noxia erat, quī, nē quid ductū atque auspiciō Decemvirōrum prosperē usquam gererētur, vincī sē per suum atque illōrum dēdecus patiēbantur.all the rest of the guilt lay with the soldiers, who, so that nothing should succeed anywhere under the leadership and auspices of the decemvirs, let themselves be beaten, to their own disgrace and that of their commanders. Liv. 3.42.3Fūsī et ab Sabīnīs ad Ērētum et in Algidō ab Aequīs exercitūs erant.The armies had been routed both by the Sabines at Eretum and by the Aequi on Algidus. Liv. 3.42.3Ab Ērētō per silentium noctis profugī propius urbem inter Fīdēnās Crustumeriamque locō ēditō castra commūnierant;Fleeing from Eretum in the silence of the night, they had fortified a camp nearer the city, on high ground between Fidenae and Crustumeria; Liv. 3.42.4persecūtīs hostibus nūsquam sē aequō certāmine committentēs nātūrā locī ac vallō, nōn virtūte aut armīs tūtābantur.when the enemy pursued them, they never committed themselves to a fair fight, but protected themselves by the nature of the ground and a rampart, not by courage or arms.

Liv. 3.42.5Maius flāgitium in Algidō, maior etiam clādēs accepta;On Algidus the disgrace was greater, and an even greater disaster was suffered; Liv. 3.42.5castra quoque āmissa erant, exūtusque omnibus ūtēnsilibus mīles Tusculum sē, fidē misericordiāque vīctūrus hospitum, quae tamen nōn fefellērunt, contulerat.the camp too had been lost, and the soldiers, stripped of all their equipment, had betaken themselves to Tusculum, meaning to live on the good faith and pity of their hosts, which for all that did not fail them. Liv. 3.42.6Rōmam tantī erant terrōrēs allātī, ut positō iam decemvirālī odiō patrēs vigiliās in urbe habendās cēnsērent, omnēs, quī per aetātem arma ferre possent, custōdīre moenia ac prō portīs statiōnēs agere iubērent, arma Tusculum ac supplēmentum dēcernerent decemvirōsque ab arce Tusculī dēgressōs in castrīs mīlitem habēre;Such alarming reports had been brought to Rome that the senators, now laying aside their hatred of the decemvirs, voted that watches should be kept in the city, ordered all who were of age to bear arms to guard the walls and to mount posts before the gates, and decreed arms and reinforcements for Tusculum, and that the decemvirs should come down from the citadel of Tusculum and keep their soldiers in camp; Liv. 3.42.7castra alia ā Fīdēnīs in Sabīnum agrum trānsferrī bellōque ultrō īnferendō dēterrērī hostēs ā cōnsiliō urbis oppugnandae.that the other camp should be moved from Fidenae into Sabine territory, and that by carrying the war to them unprovoked the enemy should be deterred from their plan of attacking the city.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (118 words)
nihilō (adv.)by nothing; nihilō minus: none the less, nevertheless
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
bene, adv.well; successfully
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
modo, adv.only
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
quod, conj.that, in that, because
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
odium, -ī, n.hatred
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
omnis, -eall, every
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
noxia, -ae f.offense, crime
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
ductus, -ūs m.leadership, command
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
auspicium, -ī n.taking of the auspices (reading the will of the gods from birds); omen
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
prosperē (adv.)successfully, favourably
usquam (adv.)anywhere
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dēdecus, -decoris, n.dishonor, disgrace
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
nox, noctis, f.night
profugus, -a, -umfleeing, fugitive; wandering
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
urbs, urbis, f.city
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
que, enclitic conj.and
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
ēditus, -a, -umraised, high
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
commūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumfortify strongly
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
nūsquam, adv.nowhere
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
nōn, adv.not
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
flāgitium, -ī n.shameful act, disgrace, outrage
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
quoque, adv.also
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtusput or take off
ūtēnsilis, -euseful; ūtēnsilia, n. pl., household goods, things in daily use
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
hospes, hospitis m.guest; host; guest-friend
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
iam, adv.now, already
decemvirālis, -eof the decemvirs
pater, patris, m.father
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
aetās, -tātis, f.age
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusguard
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
statiō, -ōnis f.outpost, picket
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
supplēmentum, -ī n.reinforcement, fresh troops
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
dēgredior, -ī, -gressus sumgo down, come down, descend
Sabīnus, -a, -umSabine
ager, agri, m.field, land
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
bellum, -ī, n.war
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.