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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.41

The levy and the commands assigned

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Liv. 3.41.1In hanc sententiam ut discēderētur, iūniōrēs patrum ēvincēbant.The younger senators were carrying the day for a division in favour of this motion. Liv. 3.41.1Ferōciōrēsque iterum coortī Valerius Horātiusque vōciferārī, ut dē rē pūblicā licēret dīcere;And Valerius and Horatius, rising again more fiercely, shouted that they should be allowed to speak about the state; Liv. 3.41.1dictūrōs ad populum, sī in senātū per factiōnem nōn liceat;they would speak to the people if a faction did not permit it in the senate; Liv. 3.41.1neque enim sibi prīvātōs aut in cūriā aut in contiōne posse obstāre neque sē imāgināriīs fascibus eōrum cessūrōs esse.for private citizens could not hinder them either in the senate house or in an assembly, nor would they give way to their imaginary fasces. Liv. 3.41.2Tum Appius, iam prope esse ratus, ut, nī violentiae eōrum parī resisterētur audācia, victum imperium esset, "nōn erit melius" inquit, "nisi dē quō cōnsulimus vōcem mīsisse" et ad Valerium, negantem sē prīvātō reticēre, līctōrem accēdere iussit.Then Appius, thinking that matters were now close to the point where, unless their violence was resisted with equal boldness, his power would be overcome, said, 'It will be better not to have uttered a word except on the matter we are consulting about,' and when Valerius said he would not be silent at a private citizen's bidding, he ordered a lictor to approach him.

Liv. 3.41.3Iam Quirītium fidem inplōrante Valeriō ā cūriae līmine, L. Cornēlius complexus Appium nōn cui simulābat cōnsulendō dirēmit certāmen;Valerius was already appealing to the good faith of the Quirites from the threshold of the senate house when Lucius Cornelius threw his arms round Appius and broke off the struggle, serving the interests not of the man he pretended to serve. Liv. 3.41.4factaque per Cornēlium Valeriō dīcendī grātia, quae vellet, cum lībertās nōn ultrā vōcem excessisset, decemvirī prōpositum tenuēre.And when, through Cornelius, leave had been granted to Valerius to say what he wished, and liberty had gone no further than words, the decemvirs held to their purpose. Liv. 3.41.5Cōnsulārēs quoque ac seniōrēs ab residuō tribūniciae potestātis odiō, cuius dēsīderium plēbī multō ācrius quam cōnsulāris imperiī rēbantur esse, prope mālēbant postmodo ipsōs decemvirōs voluntāte abīre magistrātū quam invidiā eōrum exsurgere rūrsus plēbem;The former consuls too and the elders, out of a lingering hatred of the tribunes' power, for which they thought the plebs longed much more keenly than for the power of the consuls, almost preferred that the decemvirs themselves should later leave office of their own accord than that the plebs should rise again through resentment against them; Liv. 3.41.6sī lēniter ducta rēs sine populārī strepitū ad cōnsulēs redīsset, aut bellīs interpositīs aut moderātiōne cōnsulum in imperiīs exercendīs posse in oblīviōnem tribūnōrum plēbem addūcī.if the matter were handled gently and returned to the consuls without popular uproar, the plebs could be brought to forget the tribunes, either by wars intervening or by the consuls' moderation in exercising their authority.

Liv. 3.41.6Silentiō patrum ēdīcitur dīlēctus.Amid the senators' silence a levy is proclaimed. Liv. 3.41.7Iūniōrēs, cum sine prōvocātiōne imperium esset, ad nōmina respondent.The younger men, since the authority was without appeal, answer to their names. Liv. 3.41.7Legiōnibus scrīptīs inter sē decemvirī conparant, quōs īre ad bellum, quōs praeesse exercitibus oportēret.When the legions had been enrolled, the decemvirs arrange among themselves who should go to the war and who should command the armies. Liv. 3.41.7Prīncipēs inter decemvirōs erant Q. Fabius et Ap. Claudius.The leading men among the decemvirs were Quintus Fabius and Appius Claudius. Liv. 3.41.8Bellum domī maius quam forīs appārēbat.The war at home looked greater than the war abroad. Liv. 3.41.8Appī violentiam aptiōrem ratī ad conprimendōs urbānōs mōtūs.They thought Appius' violence better suited to suppressing disturbances in the city. Liv. 3.41.8In Fabiō magis in bonō nōn cōnstāns quam nāvum in malitiā ingenium esse.Fabius, they thought, had a character not so much energetic in wickedness as lacking steadfastness in good. Liv. 3.41.9Hunc enim virum, ēgregium ōlim domī mīlitiaeque, decemvirātus collēgaeque ita mūtāverant, ut Appī quam suī similis māllet esse.For this man, once outstanding at home and in the field, had been so changed by the decemvirate and his colleagues that he preferred to be like Appius rather than like himself.

Liv. 3.41.9Huic bellum in Sabīnīs M'. Rabuleiō et Q. Poeteliō additīs collēgīs mandātum.To him the war among the Sabines was entrusted, with Manius Rabuleius and Quintus Poetelius added as his colleagues. Liv. 3.41.10M. Cornēlius in Algidum missus cum L. Minuciō et T. Antōniō et K. Duilliō et M. Sergiō.Marcus Cornelius was sent to Algidus with Lucius Minucius, Titus Antonius, Kaeso Duillius and Marcus Sergius. Liv. 3.41.10Sp. Oppium Ap. Claudiō adiūtōrem ad urbem tuendam aequō omnium Decemvirōrum imperiō dēcernunt.They assign Spurius Oppius to Appius Claudius as his helper in guarding the city, all the decemvirs having equal authority.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×3, indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×5, ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (167 words)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
iūnior, -ius (comp. of iuvenis)younger; iūniōrēs: men of military age
pater, patris, m.father
ēvincō, -ere, -vīcī, -victusovercome utterly
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
que, enclitic conj.and
iterum, adv.again, a second time
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
vōciferor, -ārī, -ātus sumshout, cry out loudly
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
populus, -ī m.people, nation
sī, conj.if
senātus, -ūs m.senate
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
factiō, -ōnis f.party, faction
nōn, adv.not
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
cūria, -ae f.senate house
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
imāginārius, -a, -umimaginary, sham, pretended
fascis, -is m.bundle; pl. fascēs: the rods and axe carried before a magistrate
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tum, adv.then, at that time
iam, adv.now, already
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
violentia, -ae f.violence, vehemence
pār, parisequal
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
bonus, -a, -umgood
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
nisi, conj.if not, unless
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
reticeō, -ēre, -uīkeep silent, say nothing
līctor, -ōris m.lictor, an attendant carrying the rods (fascēs) before a magistrate
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
Quirītēs, -ium m. pl.Quirites, the Roman citizens in their civil capacity (used in addressing the people)
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
implōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbeg for, appeal for
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
līmen, -minis, n.threshold; door
complector, -plectī, -plexusembrace
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
dirimō, -ere, dirēmī, dirēmptumbreak off, interrupt
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
volō, velle, voluīwish
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
prōpositum, -ī n.plan, purpose; the point being made, theme
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
quoque, adv.also
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
senior, -ōris m.elder; seniores: the elders (of the people)
residuus, -a, -umremaining, lingering
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
odium, -ī, n.hatred
dēsīderium, -ī, n.desire, longing
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
postmodo (adv.)afterwards, later, presently
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
exsurgō, -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up, get up
rūrsus, adv.again
lēniter (adv.)gently
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
sine, prep. with abl.without
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
strepitus, -ūs m.noise, din
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
bellum, -ī, n.war
interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput between; bring forward (an excuse)
moderātiō, -ōnis f.restraint, moderation, self-control; control, management
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
oblīviō, -ōnis f.forgetfulness, oblivion
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictusdeclare, proclaim, appoint
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
prōvocātiō, -ōnis f.appeal (to the people against a magistrate's sentence)
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
forīs, adv.out of doors, without
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
comprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress together, squeeze, compress
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
cōnstāns, -antissteadfast, firm, resolute; consistent
nāvus (gnāvus), -a, -umbusy, active, energetic
malitia, -ae f.wickedness, malice
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
vir, virī, m.man
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
decemvirātus, -ūs m.the office of decemvir, the decemvirate
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
cum, prep, with abl.with
Sergius, -ī m.Sergius, Roman family name; Sergius Paulus, proconsul of Cyprus; (adj.) of the Sergii
adiūtor, -ōris m.helper, assistant
urbs, urbis, f.city
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
omnis, -eall, every
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.