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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.40

The senate debates the decemvirs' authority

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Liv. 3.40.1Haec vōciferante Horātiō cum decemvirī nec īrae nec ignōscendī modum reperīrent nec, quō ēvāsūra rēs esset, cernerent, C. Claudī, quī patruus Appī decemvirī erat, ōrātiō fuit precibus quam iūrgiō similior, ōrantis per suī frātris parentisque eius mānēs, ut cīvīlis potius societātis, in quā nātus esset, quam foederis nefāriē ictī cum collēgīs meminisset.While Horatius was shouting this, and the decemvirs could find no limit either to their anger or to forgiveness, nor see how the affair would turn out, Gaius Claudius, who was the uncle of the decemvir Appius, made a speech more like an entreaty than a reproach, begging him by the shades of his own brother, Appius' father, to remember rather the civil fellowship into which he had been born than the pact wickedly struck with his colleagues. Liv. 3.40.3Multō id magis sē illīus causā ōrāre quam reī pūblicae;He begged this, he said, much more for Appius' sake than for the state's; Liv. 3.40.4quippe rem pūblicam, sī ā volentibus nequeat, ab invītīs iūs expetītūram;for the state would claim its rights from them unwilling, if it could not from them willing; Liv. 3.40.4sed ex magnō certāmine magnās excitārī ferme īrās;but from a great struggle great passions were usually aroused; Liv. 3.40.4eārum ēventum sē horrēre.it was their outcome that he dreaded.

Liv. 3.40.5Cum aliud, praeterquam dē quō rettulissent, decemvirī dīcere prohibērent, Claudium interpellandī verēcundia fuit.Although the decemvirs forbade anyone to speak on anything other than what they had put before the house, they felt shame at interrupting Claudius. Liv. 3.40.5Sententiam igitur perēgit nūllum placēre senātūs cōnsultum fierī.So he completed his motion, that he was in favour of no decree of the senate being passed. Liv. 3.40.6Omnēsque ita accipiēbant, prīvātōs eōs ā Claudiō iūdicātōs;And everyone took it to mean that Claudius had judged them to be private citizens; Liv. 3.40.6multīque ex cōnsulāribus verbō adsēnsī sunt.and many of the former consuls assented in a word. Liv. 3.40.7Alia sententia, asperior in speciem, vim minōrem aliquantō habuit, quae patriciōs coīre ad prōdendum interrēgem iubēbat.Another motion, harsher in appearance, had considerably less force: the one which bade the patricians meet to appoint an interrex. Liv. 3.40.7Cēnsendō enim quodcumque magistrātūs esse quī senātum habērent iūdicābant, quōs prīvātōs fēcerat auctor nūllīus senātūs cōnsultī faciendī.For by proposing any decision at all they were judging those who were holding the senate to be magistrates, whereas the man who proposed that no decree of the senate be passed had made them private citizens.

Liv. 3.40.8Ita lābente iam causā Decemvirōrum L. Cornēlius Maluginēnsis, M. Cornēlī decemvirī frāter, cum ex cōnsulāribus ad ultimum dīcendī locum cōnsultō servātus esset, simulandō cūram bellī frātrem collēgāsque eius tuēbātur, quōnam fātō incidisset, mīrārī sē dictitāns, ut decemvirōs, quī decemvirātum petīssent, aut sōlī aut hī maximē oppugnārent;So, with the decemvirs' cause already slipping, Lucius Cornelius Maluginensis, brother of the decemvir Marcus Cornelius, having been deliberately kept back to speak last of the former consuls, defended his brother and his colleagues by pretending concern for the war, saying repeatedly that he wondered by what fate it had come about that the decemvirs were being attacked either solely or chiefly by those who had themselves sought the decemvirate; Liv. 3.40.10aut quid ita, cum per tot mēnsēs vacuā cīvitāte nēmō, iūstīne magistrātūs summae rērum praeessent, contrōversiam fēcerit, nunc dēmum, cum hostēs prope ad portās sint, cīvīlīs discordiās serant, nisi quod in turbidō minus perspicuum fore putent, quid agātur.or why it was that, when for so many months, with the state at leisure, nobody had disputed whether lawful magistrates were at the head of affairs, they should only now, when the enemy were almost at the gates, sow civil discord, unless it was because they thought that in confusion what they were doing would be less clear.

Liv. 3.40.11Cēterum — nec enim maiōre cūrā occupātīs animīs vērum esse praeiūdicium reī tantae fierī — sibi placēre dē eō, quod Valerius Horātiusque ante īdūs Māiās decemvirōs abīsse magistrātū īnsimulent, bellīs, quae inmineant, perfectīs, rē pūblicā in tranquillum redāctā, senātū disceptante agī et iam nunc ita sē parāre Ap. Claudium, ut comitiōrum, quae decemvirīs creandīs decemvir ipse habuerit, sciat sibi ratiōnem reddendam esse, utrum in ūnum annum creātī sint, an dōnec lēgēs, quae dēessent, perferrentur.For the rest — since it was not right that a judgment on so great a matter should be prejudged while minds were occupied with a greater care — his view was that the charge Valerius and Horatius were bringing, that the decemvirs had gone out of office by the Ides of May, should be dealt with in a senate debate once the wars that threatened were finished and the state restored to calm; and that Appius Claudius should even now prepare himself in the knowledge that he must render account of the elections which he himself, as decemvir, had held for electing decemvirs, as to whether they had been elected for one year or until the laws that were lacking had been carried.

Liv. 3.40.13In praesentiā omnia praeter bellum omittī placēre;For the present, he proposed that everything except the war should be set aside; Liv. 3.40.13cuius sī falsō fāmam volgātam vānaque nōn nūntiōs sōlum, sed Tusculānōrum etiam lēgātōs adtulisse putent, speculātōrēs mittendōs cēnsēre, quī certius explōrāta referant;and if they thought the report of it had been spread falsely, and that not only the messengers but even the envoys of the Tusculans had brought empty tales, he proposed that scouts be sent to bring back more reliable information; Liv. 3.40.14sīn fidēs et nūntiīs et lēgātīs habeātur, dīlēctum prīmō quōque tempore habērī et decemvirōs quō cuique eōrum videātur exercitūs dūcere nec rem aliam praevertī.but if credit were given to both messengers and envoys, the levy should be held at the earliest opportunity, the decemvirs should lead the armies wherever each of them thought fit, and no other business should take precedence.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×10, ablative absolute ×5, indirect statement ×15

Latin vocabulary for this passage (211 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
vōciferor, -ārī, -ātus sumshout, cry out loudly
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
ēvādō, -vādere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo forth, get away, escape
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
patruus, -ī m.uncle (father's brother)
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
iūrgium, -ī n.quarrel, dispute
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
frāter, frātris, m.brother
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
que, enclitic conj.and
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
mānēs, -ium, m. plur.spirit, shade
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
potius (adv.)rather
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
nefāriē, adv.wickedly, abominably
īcō, -ere, īcī, ictusstrike, hit; foedus īcere: make a treaty
cum, prep, with abl.with
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
meminī, meminisseremember
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
sī, conj.if
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
volō, velle, voluīwish
nequeō, -īre, -īvībe unable, cannot
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
expetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītusseek eagerly, desire
sed, conj.but
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
interpellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuminterrupt, hinder
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
igitur, conj.therefore
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cōnsultum, -ī n.decree (senātūs cōnsultum: a decree of the Senate)
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
omnis, -eall, every
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
verbum, -ī, n.word
assentior (adsentior), -īrī, -sēnsus sumagree, assent (to: dat.)
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
patricius, -ī m.patrician, member of the old Roman nobility
coeō, -īre, -iī, -itumcome together, assemble
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
interrēx, -rēgis m.interrex, a senator who held power for five days between kings
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
enim, conj.for
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
iam, adv.now, already
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
cōnsultō (adv.)on purpose, deliberately
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
bellum, -ī, n.war
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
quōnam (adv.)by what way, how ever; quōnam modō: how ever, in what way
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
dictitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuskeep saying, say again and again
decemvirātus, -ūs m.the office of decemvir, the decemvirate
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
sōlus, -a, -umalone
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tot (indecl.)so many
mēnsis, -is m.month
vacuus, -a, -umempty
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
iūstus, -a, -umjust
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
contrōversia, -ae, f.quarrel, dispute, debate
nunc, adv.now
dēmum, adv.at last
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
serō, serere, sēvī, satussow, plant
nisi, conj.if not, unless
quod, conj.that, in that, because
turbidus, -a, -umstormy, wild, confused
minus, comp. adv.less
perspicuus, -a, -umclear, transparent; evident, plain
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
praeiūdicium, -ī n.a prior judgement, a precedent; an example that decides what follows
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
Īdūs, -uum f. pl.the Ides (13th or 15th of the month)
Maius, -a, -umof May; Īdūs Māiae: the Ides of May
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
īnsimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusaccuse, charge (with: gen.)
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
tranquillus, -a, -umcalm
redigō, -ere, redēgī, redāctumbring back; reduce (to a condition)
disceptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdebate, dispute; settle a dispute
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
annus, -ī, m.year
an, conj.or (in questions)
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
lēx, lēgis f.law
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
praesentia, -ae, f.the present
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
falsō (adv.)falsely, wrongly
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
vulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake common, spread abroad; (corpus) prostitute
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
nōn, adv.not
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
Tusculānus, -a, -umof Tusculum, the Latin town on the hills south-east of Rome
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
speculātor, -ōris m.spy, scout
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
sīn (conj.)but if
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
praevertō, -ere, -vertīattend to first, give priority to
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.