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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.3

Panic at Rome and a raid repulsed

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Liv. 3.3.1Relictō itaque castrīs praesidiō ēgressī tantō cum tumultū invāsēre fīnēs Rōmānōs, ut ad urbem quoque terrōrem pertulerint.So, leaving a garrison in the camp, they went out and invaded Roman territory with such tumult that they carried terror even to the city. Liv. 3.3.2Necopīnāta etiam rēs plūs trepidātiōnis fēcit, quod nihil minus, quam nē victus ac prope in castrīs obsessus hostis memor populātiōnis esset, timērī poterat agrestēsque pavidī incidentēs portīs nōn populātiōnem nec praedōnum parvās manūs, sed omnia vānō augentēs timōre exercitūs et legiōnēs adesse hostium et īnfestō agmine ruere ad urbem clāmābant.The unexpectedness of the thing, too, caused more alarm, because nothing could have been less feared than that a defeated enemy, almost besieged in his own camp, should be thinking of plunder; and the country people, rushing in panic to the gates, were shouting not that it was a raid or small bands of plunderers, but, magnifying everything with groundless fear, that armies and legions of the enemy were at hand and were rushing on the city in hostile column. Liv. 3.3.4Ab hīs proxumī audīta incerta eōque vāniōra ferre ad aliōs.Those nearest them passed on to others what they had heard, uncertain and therefore all the more exaggerated.

Liv. 3.3.4Cursus clamorque vocantium ad arma haud multum ā pavōre captae urbis abesse.The running and the shouting of men calling to arms were not far from the panic of a captured city. Liv. 3.3.5Forte ab Algidō Quīnctius cōnsul redierat Rōmam.As it happened, the consul Quinctius had returned to Rome from Algidus. Liv. 3.3.5Id remedium timōrī fuit;That was a remedy for the fear; Liv. 3.3.5tumultūque sēdātō victōs timērī increpāns hostēs praesidia portīs inposuit.and when the tumult had been quieted, rebuking them for fearing a beaten enemy, he placed guards at the gates. Liv. 3.3.6Vocātō Dein senātū cum ex auctōritāte patrum iūstitiō indictō profectus ad tūtandōs fīnēs esset Q. Servīliō praefectō urbis relictō, hostem in agrīs nōn invēnit.Then, having summoned the senate, when, on the authority of the senators, he had proclaimed a suspension of public business and set out to protect the borders, leaving Quintus Servilius as prefect of the city, he did not find the enemy in the fields. Liv. 3.3.7Ab alterō cōnsule rēs gesta ēgregiē est;By the other consul the matter was handled outstandingly; Liv. 3.3.8quī, quā ventūrum hostem sciēbat, gravem praedā eōque inpedītiōre agmine incēdentem adgressus fūnestam populātiōnem fēcit.knowing where the enemy would come, he attacked them as they marched along, weighed down with plunder and therefore in a more encumbered column, and made their raid a deadly one.

Liv. 3.3.8Paucī hostium ēvāsēre ex īnsidiīs;Few of the enemy escaped from the ambush; Liv. 3.3.8praeda omnis recepta est.all the plunder was recovered. Liv. 3.3.8Sīc fīnem iūstitiō, quod quadrīduum fuit, reditus Quīnctī cōnsulis in urbem fēcit.So the return of the consul Quinctius to the city put an end to the suspension of business, which lasted four days. Liv. 3.3.8Cēnsus deinde āctus et conditum ab Quīnctiō lūstrum.Then a census was held and the purification ceremony was completed by Quinctius. Liv. 3.3.9Cēnsa cīvium capita centum quattuor mīlia septingenta quattuordecim dīcuntur praeter orbōs orbāsque.The number of citizens counted is said to have been one hundred and four thousand seven hundred and fourteen, besides orphan boys and girls. Liv. 3.3.10In Aequīs nihil deinde memorābile āctum.Among the Aequi nothing memorable was done after that. Liv. 3.3.10In oppida sua sē recēpēre ūrī sua populārīque passī.They withdrew into their towns, allowing their property to be burned and plundered. Liv. 3.3.10Cōnsul, cum aliquotiēns per omnem hostium agrum īnfestō agmine populābundus īsset, cum ingentī laude praedāque Rōmam rediit.The consul, after marching several times in hostile column through the whole of the enemy's territory, laying it waste, returned to Rome with great glory and plunder.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (149 words)
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
cum, prep, with abl.with
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
urbs, urbis, f.city
quoque, adv.also
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
necopīnātus, -a, -umunexpected
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
plūs (adv.)more
trepidātiō, -ōnis f.alarm, agitation
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
minus, comp. adv.less
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
agrestis, -eof the country, rustic; boorish
que, enclitic conj.and
pavidus, -a, -umfrightened
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
nōn, adv.not
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
praedō, -ōnis m.robber, pirate
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
manus, -ūs, f.hand
sed, conj.but
omnis, -eall, every
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
timor, -ōris, m.fear
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout, cry out; proclaim
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
multum, adv.much, greatly, far
pavor, -ōris, m.terror, panic
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
remedium, -ī, n.remedy
sēdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussettle, calm, put down
increpō, -āre, -uī, -itusmake a noise, rattle; rebuke
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
deinde, adv.then, next
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
pater, patris, m.father
iūstitium, -ī n.suspension of legal and public business (in an emergency)
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
ager, agri, m.field, land
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
ēgregiē, adv.excellently, splendidly, admirably
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
quā, adv.in which place, where
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
impedītus, -a, -umhindered; hard to cross, impassable
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
fūnestus, -a, -umdeadly, fatal; bringing death and mourning
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
ēvādō, -vādere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo forth, get away, escape
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
sīc, adv.so, thus
quadrīduum, -ī n.period of four days
reditus, -ūs, m.return
cēnsus, -ūs m.count, census
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
lūstrum, -ī n.a purifying sacrifice closing the census; a period of five years
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
caput, capitis, n.head
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
septingentī, -ae, -aseven hundred
quattuordecim (indecl.)fourteen
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
orbus, -a, -umbereaved, orphaned, childless
memorābilis, -eworth telling, memorable
oppidum, -ī, n.town
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ūrō, ūrere, ussī, ūstusburn
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
aliquotiēns (adv.)several times
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
populābundus, -a, -umplundering, on a raid
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.